1. Area Sources and Fugitive Emissions: Source Management James Payne Morongo Band of Mission Indians Environmental Protection Department

2. 2 Area Sources & Fugitive Emissions  Area refers to the source  Fugitive refers to the emissions  Also called non-point sources  Quantifying emissions is difficult  Controlling emissions is challenging

3. 3 Particulate Matter (PM): Examples  Traffic on dirt roads  Tillage of cropland  Burning grasslands, pastures, crop stubble  Construction activities  Material conveyance, loading & unloading  Hard- and soft-rock surface mining  Rock crushing & handling

4. 4 Burning of Grasslands, Pastures, Crop Stubble

5. 5 Rock Crushing Yard

6. 6 Agriculture Operations

7. 7 Fires

8. 8 Dirt Roads

9. 9 Methane Release Guess what I’m sorry about now…

10. 10 Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)  Larger facilities (oil refineries, chemical plants, manufacturing)  Large lagoons, holding ponds (aerated)  Tank farms  Tanks & tank pressure-equalization vents  Pipe seals, pumps, & valves

11. 11 Pipe Flanges & Seals

12. 12 Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) [cont.]  Communities  Landfills  Uncovered wastewater treatment processes  Sedimentation & aeration basins  Trickling filters & bio-towers  Residential wood combustion

13. 13 Inefficient Wood Stove

14. 14 Residential Aeration Basin

15. 15 Examples of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) [cont.]  Smaller facilities  Dry cleaners  Body & paint shops  Service stations & gas pumps  Office equipment (i.e., toner cartridges, etc.)  Small combustion devices (i.e., propane burners)  Any source using / storing solvents

16. 16 VOC source

17. 17 Source “Control” and Management Controlling these sources is most practical by targeted management actions of the activity that creates the emissions  Identify sources and data needs  Quantify sources  Evaluate impact on ambient air quality

18. 18 Management (cont.)  Develop management options/practices  Local / state / tribal regulations  Implement control practices  Evaluate effectiveness of control practices  Improve management “controls”

19. 19 Identification, Quantification, & Impact of the Problem  Establish methodology  How sources identified  How emissions quantified  Integrate information  Regional or local AQ monitoring data  Emissions inventory data  Is there a problem? How big?

20. 20 Develop Management Options Who has authority to regulate the source?  Air quality agency  Fire district  Planning/zoning district  City council  Tribal authority  Could be delegated to your environmental department!!

21. 21 Develop Management Options (cont.)  Do avenues of control exist that are not being enforced?  What has been done in the past by other groups?  How effective have past practices been?

22. 22 Implementation  Develop program to implement chosen control strategy  Public education  Permit program  Financial incentives  Codes, ordinances, laws  Source permitting  Be sure program has flexibility to deal with problems as they arise

23. 23 Control Strategy: Examples  PM  Apply suppressant to heavily traveled roads  Keep construction site damp  Provide cover for material conveyance, loading & unloading  Install enclosure/shroud for rock crushing/handing  Dampen stock aggregate & sand piles

24. 24 Control Strategy: Examples (cont.)  PM (cont.)  Use wind breaks such as landscaping, fencing  Encourage vegetation growth (re-vegetation)  Install burlap or other porous, meshed material

25. Driving at 15 mph 25

26. Driving at 25 mph 26

27. 27 Oat Cover Crop

28. 28 Control Strategy: Examples (cont.)  VOCs  Repair & maintain pump & piping seals  Cover or install recovery vents on open tanks  Burning  Restrictions on open burning & wood burning  Certified wood stoves in new homes  Cover wastewater treatment processes  Business licenses require material balance information

29. 29 Program Evaluation  Develop procedure to evaluate effectiveness of program  Ambient air monitoring  Cost analysis  Tracking of response from regulated community  Documentation of progress—success & failures  Develop new control strategies based on program results