1. Chapter 17 Culture Change in the Modern World

2. Chapter Questions What factors enabled the peoples of Europe to expand their power? What were some effects of European Expansion on non-European cultures? Why did European nations colonize, and what was the effect of colonization on people of other cultures? What are some of the problems faced by poor nations today?

3. Human Population Rate of human population Hunters & Gatherers vs. Agriculture Wealth  1/5 earn over 64% of world’s income  358 richest people= income of poorest 2.3 million  Consumption of average person in industrialized nation (compared to someone from a developing nation): 3 times fresh water, 10 times energy, 19 times aluminum U.S. makes up 6% of population and consumes__ %of resources in the world?

4. Europeans Expansion Importance of European expansion in 1400 Arabia & China in comparison European Expansion Motives:  Christianize  Acquire wealth & respect Methods:  Technological Developments  Diseases  Growing population  Accumulate wealth  Linking into a world economic system

5. Pillaging Definition  To strip an area of money, goods, or raw materials through the use of physical violence or its threat.  Europeans used violence to take money, goods, or raw materials. Mines Treasury of Bengal Atahualpa’s ransom

6. Forced Labor Peonage & Slavery  15th cent. Europeans slavery larger scale than ever in history.  Between 650- 1600: Non-Europeans exported over 7 million slaves to the Islamic world.  From 1500-1900: Europeans exported up to12 million slaves to the Americans. 6 million in the 18 th century alone  Economic Effects of slavery Profit & Impoverishment

7. Dutch East India Company (VOC) Joint Stock Company  Control Dutch trade in the Indian and Pacific oceans.  Seized control of the Indian Ocean islands.  Brutal steps to monopolize valuable spices. By the 1670s had control of all spice production. Manipulated regional wars to its benefit

8. Colonialism Definition: Possession and political domination of a foreign territory.  Industrialization = high demand for raw materials.  Taxation: Supported the colonial government Forced natives into the market system.

9. Era of Colonialism 1500s Colonialism  Colonializing the Americas  Moctecuzoma 1900s Colonialism  “white man’s burden” Making Colonialism Pay Colonialism & Anthropology

10. Development: Reasons for Failure Different historic experiences- unequal chances. Poor design of development projects. Environmental and social justice issues- tension and violent confrontations.

11. Multinational Corporations Respond to shareholders. Key- to increasing profit & decrease cost  Move to least expensive places to produce goods and most profitable places to sell them.  Depend on cheap labor provided by women and children (easily exploitable).

12. Urban Migration Percentage of people living in cities is rising more rapidly in poor than in wealthy nations: In 1950, 16% of the population of non-industrialized nations lived in large cities. By 1985, this had increased to 30%. Expected to reach 50% by the 21 st century.