1. ATLAS @ UVic Rob McPherson UVic/IPP GSC-19 Site Visit to UVic 13 October 2006  Physics  Very brief overview of the motivation for the LHC and ATLAS  The Large Hadron Collider  Status, Timelines, Turn-on plans  The ATLAS Detector  Status, Timelines  UVic ATLAS Group  Group composition, roles in ATLAS  UVic ATLAS Activities  Liquid argon electronics feedthroughs: the end-game  Detector commissioning work  Detector calibration  Computing  Progress to first physics

2. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 2 Large Hadron Collider: p-p @ 14 TeV

3. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 3 ss p-p or p-p: cross-sections  (nb)            tot bb  jet (E T >100GeV)  Higgs 150GeV 500GeV   √s (TeV) 1 10 0.01             Events/sec L = 10 33 cm -2 s -1 u LHC: u Large SM Higgs rates  O (1 Hz) for lightest allowed Higgs at nominal luminosity u Also: QCD, top, bottom, W, Z factory u Precision measurements of cross-sections, couplings, branching ratios u QCD at highest scales u Real goal: find physics beyond the Standard Model u SUSY, heavy quarks, heavy leptons, extra dimensions, new gauge bosons, compositeness...

4. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 4 ATLAS Detector

5. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 5 The ATLAS Experiment & ATLAS-Canada diameter 25 m barrel toroid length 26 m total weight7000 tons Canadian activities focused on LAr calorimetry 4 large projects funded by a Major Installation Grant: Alberta, Carleton, McGill, Montréal, Regina, SFU, Toronto, TRIUMF, UBC, Victoria, York LAr cryostat and calorimeters construction and installation completed Detector commissioning well underway Focus shifting to robust calibration and reconstruction, computing, physics analysis Endcap Hadronic Calorimeter Forward Hadronic Calorimeter Front-End-Board Electronics Endcap Signal Feedthroughs

6. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 6 LHC Luminosity Profile 100 fb -1 /yr SHUTDOWN 1000 fb -1 /yr 200 fb -1 /yr 3000 300 30 10-20 fb -1 /yr First physics run: O(1fb -1 ) SUSY@1TeV SUSY@3TeV Z’@6TeV ADD X-dim@9TeV Compositeness@40TeV H(120GeV)   Higgs@200GeV L = 10 33 L = 10 34 SLHC: L = 10 35

7. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 7 1000 th (/1746) Dipole Installed (5 Sept 2006) LHC: Status and Plans u Almost all hardware construction finished, including pre- installation testing u Magnets, power converters, control systems,... u Installation proceeding u All magnets in place by ~ March 2007 u Machine closed August 2007, start commissioning u Operations 1 November 2007  collisions at 450 GeV x 450 GeV by end of 2007 u Use 450 GeV for commissioning safety / quenching systems, beam dumps u Shutdown for final installation (eg, last collimators,...) u High energy operations start  1 April 2008 u Pessimist: 100 pb -1 with  s=14 TeV in 2008 u Optimist: few fb -1 with  s=14 TeV in 2008

8. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 8 ATLAS: Status and Plans u Calorimeters are all mechanically in place u Electronics installation + commissioning ongoing u Remaining worry: Rad hard LV + HV power supply delivery u In principle OK, but watching carefully u Taking cosmic ray data regularly with Calo barrel u Electronics pulser runs with endcap calos (not cold until early 07) u Inner detector (silicon + straw tubes + pixels) u SCT+TRT Barrel in place, cabling ongoing u Endcaps installed after barrel commissioning (spring 07) u Pixels: cable delivery a worry. May install un-cabled detector in 07. u Muon system u Barrel chamber installation almost done. Cabling until end 06 u Endcap “wheel” assembly started u Magnets u Solenoid tests and maps completed (up to 8 kA with 7.73 kA needed) u Barrel toroid system tests ongoing now (full field ~ mid November) u Endcap toroids installed Spring 2006 u Aim: completed detector summer 2007

9. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 9 UVic ATLAS Group u Faculty u Albert (started Sep 06), Astbury (retired), Keeler, Kowalewski, Lefebvre (PI 92-03), McPherson (PI 03-), Sobie u Onsite TRIUMF Staff u Birney, Charron, Dowling, Langstaff, Lenckowski u Postdoctoral Research Associates u Fincke-Keeler, Lelas (CERN, started Aug 06), Seuster, Voss (finished May 06), Wielers (finished September 04) u Onsite staff supported by MFA/MRS u Agarwal (Computing Applications), Poffenberger (Detector Physicist) u Current Graduate Students u Berghaus (Ph.D. Lefebvre), Edmonds (M.Sc. Lefebvre/McPherson), Ince (Ph.D., Keeler), Vanderster (Ph.D. Sobie+comp sci) u + one or more of Courneyea, Lessard, Taylor u Degrees Awarded u 7 M.Sc. (Bishop, Fortin, Hughes, Ince, Robertson, Shaw, White) u 2 Ph.D. (Dobbs, O’Neil) u Undergraduate Students u typically 3 per year

10. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 10 UVic ATLAS Group: Leadership u Founding Spokesperson of ATLAS-Canada (Lefebvre, 1992-94) u Hadronic Endcap Calorimeter Chief Engineer (Hodges, 1996-00) u LAr HEC Beam Test Software Coordinator (Lefebvre, 1997-02) u LAr Cryostat and Cryogenics Steering Committee (Hodges, 1997-00; Lefebvre, 1997-03) u Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project Leader (Lefebvre, 1997-) u Advisory Committee to the Collaboration Board (Lefebvre, 1998-99) u ATLAS-Canada Co-Spokesperson (Keeler, 1998-99; McPherson 2004-) u Rep on the International Computing Board (Sobie, 1999-2004) u LAr Database Coordinator (Sobie, 2000-02) u LAr Detector Control System Coordinator (McPherson, 2002-2005) u LAr Beam Test Software Coordinator (McPherson, 2002-) u ATLAS Offline Commissioning Coordinator (McPherson, 2004-) u ATLAS Data Quality Coordinator (McPherson, 2006-)

11. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 11 LAr Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project I ATLAS LAr calorimetry has over 180k signal channels which must come through the cryostats  ATLAS LAr calorimetry has over 180k signal channels which must come through the cryostats  Each feedthrough unit carries 1920 electrical channels  Feedthrough units: 64 in barrel, 50 in endcap  The endcap signal feedthrough project is an ATLAS common fund contribution from Canada. Over $4M from NSERC MIG.  This was Canada’s major construction common fund contribution to ATLAS, completed on time and under budget  All endcap feedthough units built at UVic  Onsite TRIUMF staff crucial to the success of the project Onsite MFA supported personnel still critical  Onsite MFA supported personnel still critical Project Leader: Lefebvre Chief Engineer: Hodges

12. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 12 last feedthrough produced at UVic, 25 Oct 2002 electrical tests at CERN installation at CERN u Installation and tests at CERN u Supervision: Poffenberger u Contributions from u Birney, Chekulaev, Langstaff, undergraduate students u During installation in pit, some delicate uncabling / modifications, recabling needed (ongoing) u Critical to have continuity of Poffenberger’s availability u Possible because of his MFA support at UVic LAr Endcap Signal Feedthrough Project II

13. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 13 Calorimeter Commissioning u Experience from testbeam carrying over into commissioning LAr calorimeters u Several commissioning “expert weeks” in 2006 u UVic developed u Complete monitoring and reconstruction framework (Lefebvre, McPherson, Seuster, Voss) u Interactive browsing and analysis environment (Ince) u Tutorials and documentation for entire Calorimeter community for commissioning and analysis use u Many early and critical monitoring and debugging analysis tools (Lefebvre, McPherson, Seuster) u  UVic framework used for virtually all LAr commissioning analysis, and now being adopted for other systems, including likely the basis of overall ATLAS data quality monitoring

14. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 14 Correlation between LAr Middle & Front layer Cosmics in barrel calorimeters LAr Cluster energy (MeV) Time(ns) ADC counts LAr pulse shape  From our monitoring tools

15. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 15 Calorimeter Calibration I u UVic started on calibration in testbeam context u HEC TB up to 2001, EMEC+HEC 2002, EMEC+HEC+FCAL 2004 u Carrying work through into ATLAS context u Using TB for reconstruction + DB development, MC validation u And developing techniques for in situ calibration in ATLAS u 2002 EMEC+HEC Testbeam u Data converted to final ATLAS data format for future analysis (Seuster) u This will likely be adopted by other systems as well u Continuing effort to port simulation into final ATLAS framework, in particular “calibration hits” or MC truth (Fincke) u  These two efforts together gives us access to the 2002 EMEC+HEC testbeam data as a critical MC validation tool

16. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 16 Calorimeter Calibration II u Cluster Classification u EM  do nothing u Hadronic  compensate for lost energy u Kai Voss u Developed multivariate analysis tool for cluster classification u Offshoot: “TMVA” analysis package (being integrated into root!) Input: Different cluster moment EnergyDensity 2 nd radial moment

17. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 17 Calorimeter Calibration III u Recent work to prepare for in situ jet calibration u Seuster, Ince, Lefebvre, McPherson u Defining a set of “jet moments” to diagnose possible jet reconstruction problems u CALIBHIT: EM fraction from MC truth u TRUTH: energy fraction carried by photons in jets u CLUSTER: energy fraction classified as EM u TRACK: energy from aligned tracks u CLUSTER moments for all jets, or vs. E, ET, eta

18. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 18 High Level Trigger (Kowalewski) 2.5  s ~10 ms ~ sec. software hardware u Resurgence of HLT in Canada u McGill, Montréal, Alberta u UVic joining, with this as main focus of Kowalewski’s ATLAS efforts u Critical issues u Making offline code, calibrations, DBs, run robustly u Robust triggers u Include trigger modeling in analysis

19. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 19 Computing & Analysis I u UVic had a pioneering role in computing for ATLAS in Canada (Sobie with Agarwal, Vanderster, and many coop students) u Including GridX1, used for both a standalone computational grid and interface to LHC computing grid (LCG), with execution tools fed-back into LCG TRIUMF Tier-1 (CFI-EOF) UNIVERSITY Tier-2 (proposed in CFI-NPF) Canadian proposed Tier-2 Breakdown

20. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 20 Computing & Analysis II u Critical issues for computing and analysis for ATLAS and ATLAS-Can. u Production systems: real progress being made u Both for Monte Carlo production and Data reconstruction u Development of the CondorG executor for GridX1 adopted for wide LCG production u CondorG: one person do the work of ~ a dozen on the old EDG executor LCG - CondorG u Distributed grid-aware analysis is still in its infancy u Foresee need for physics application specialists at different sites u System administrators will support clusters u Postdocs will support code validation u Application specialists connect the two u Currently at UVic we have Agarwal, supported 50% by MFA, but need will grow as we enter data-taking mode LCG –default executor U.S. Open Science Grid

21. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 21 Physics... u Positioning ourselves for first physics in ATLAS u Believe strongly that working through detector reconstruction, calibration, commissioning puts us in position for best early physics in ATLAS u And from past experience, best early physics carries on to best final physics u From recent ATLAS-Canada grant request:

22. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 22 Early Physics: Low mass Drell Yan ee I (Ince Ph.D., Keeler with Lelas) u Drell-Yan (di-lepton production) is a golden LHC search channel u High mass Z’,...  Ince did electron reconstruction in 2002 EMEC-HEC testbeam for M.Sc. thesis, and Lelas developed current e-  clustering for ATLAS u  developing analysis of low-mass Drell-Yan events for early data u Demonstrate modeling of low-mass region and then extend search to high-mass region... u Current studies u Low Pt di-electron reconstruction using only calorimeter information  Around M ll = 60 +/- 5 GeV: expect 60/day at 10 32  Around M ll = 10 GeV: expect 1200/day at 10 32 M ll [GeV]  ee  ll)

23. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 23 Fully Hadronic Top Pairs (Edmonds M.Sc., Lefebvre, McPherson with Seuster) u Fully hadronic top pair production not previously studied in detail in ATLAS u QCD background large. Current effort: validating 6 hard parton QCD simul. u But many kinematic constraints exist allowing signal selection (especially for boosted tops) u Goals u Develop fully hadronic top quark selection, including trigger u Study kinematic properties of events u Add to mass measurement u But also look for anomalous top production (eg: SUSY or other new physics) tt final states 44% Full hadronic : 6 jets44% Full hadronic : 6 jets 30% Semileptonic : l + + 4jets30% Semileptonic : l + + 4jets 5% Dileptonic : 2 l + 2 + 2jets5% Dileptonic : 2 l + 2 + 2jets Fully Hadronic Channel: NLO  = NLO  = 369pb -1 (370 kEvents in 1 fb -1 )

24. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 24 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? I (McPherson, Trigger, possible Courneyea MSc project) u SUSY, Extra dimensions, more... u Modeling missing transverse energy critical  notoriously difficult! u Extract from Data?? MOCK DATA for studies

25. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 25 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? III Z (  ee) + jets u Under development u Demonstration that we can measure tails in Z+jet and quantify them in other channels u Build corrections directly into analysis u Carry into other hadronic analyses too...

26. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 26 More data... Higgs properties with t(t)H - I (Albert) u ATLAS sees a Higgs-like object: u Question: is it H 0 SM ?? u Spin = 0 u CP-even u Other models gives alternatives u MSSM: h,H CP-even but A CP-odd u General 2HDM u h1,h2,h3  mixed CP u... host of other models u Using ttH u Can determine top-quark couplings and object CP u With enough data, spin can be extracted too   q q’ ℓ ν u Technique: u Partial Event reconstruction  Increases efficiency O (10x)  Similar to H  selection

27. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 27 More data... Higgs properties with t(t)H - II

28. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 28 UVic ATLAS Operations Model u Largest effort is UVic based u Currently 2 postdocs u Most student activity u Analysis based at Victoria u CERN presence critical for commissioning, operations, collaborative interactions u 1 postdoc (requesting to move to two postdocs @ CERN) u Requesting funds to allow ~ 1 year at CERN per PhD student u Significant commuting to CERN for physics and detector weeks u Typically ~ 4 trips per year minimum u Longer stays for commissioning work, future data-taking, or personnel with central core roles u Collaboration within Canada also critical u We share personnel, computing resources across Canada u Have 3 ATLAS-Canada physics meetings per year rotating through country u Plus workshops including Canada and U.S. ATLAS members for specific topics, physics analysis tutorials u Locally have weekly Western Canada (Alberta, Regina, TRIUMF, UBC, UVic, ) ATLAS phone meetings discussing a variety of commissioning, calibration and physics topics u Grew out of weekly UVic ATLAS meetings and still UVic organized

29. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 29 ATLAS @ UVic: (near) future u Foresee continued group expansion u Many new, very good, students interested u And faculty shifting to ATLAS u Clearly need to expand our presence at CERN u Detector operations u And also experience for students u And UVic-based analysis u Physics analysis u Also detector calibration work done remotely u Entering a new epoch in particle physics u Will be an exciting few years...

30. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 30 Additional Material

31. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 31 Standard Model: incomplete u Years of precision SM EW tests u Still missing (but required): a Higgs u Gives mass to particles in a renormalizable way u Also enters into physics measurables in loops LEP EWWG, hep-ex/0312023 e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W-e+e-  W+W- Contribution which grows like m e 2 s cancels between Higgs diagram and others

32. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 32 Constraints on Higgs boson H 0 SM EW Fits: MH free Param. Data from LEP, SLD, Tevatron u MH (summer 2006) u Most likely: u 85 GeV u Direct Search LEP: u > 114 GeV @ 95% C.L. u Indirect EW fit constraints: u < 166 GeV @ 95% C.L. u Including LEP direct search limit u < 199 GeV @ 95% C.L.  Complete the SM: H 0 SM ?   Find H 0 SM ?  Look beyond the SM  New symmetries, compositeness,...

33. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 33 LHC interactions: p-p collisions 25 ns DETECTOR When protons collide: u Detector response ~ 20-50 ns u Integrate 1-2 crossings  pile-up ~ 25-50 min. bias u Detectors fast, highly granular √s’  100 GeV  x 1 x 2 ~ 0.01 √s’  5 TeV  x 1 x 2 ~ 0.35

34. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 34 Case for Physics “BSM” u Quark/Lepton generations, masses u  Compositeness? Substructure? Strings? u  Common sub-elements quarks/leptons? u Matter-Antimatter asymmetry u CPV in SM (K,B) + Big bang: u Not enough to explain observations  Neutrinos last “SM” hope (given mass  0) u Cosmological constant (dark energy...) u Higgs energy density  10 50 GeV/cm 3 (could finesse) u Observationally: < 10 - 4 GeV/cm 3 u Fine-Tuning of Higgs mass  Particle loop corrections to M H ~    If theory cut-off  O (M P ) u Fine tuning of corrections 1 : 10 20 needed  Case strong  But related to mass?  Planck scale??  Here, case for EW scale new physics  LHC  Case strong  Not clear scale

35. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 35 LHC operational cycle

36. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 36 Calorimeter Reconstruction u UVic contributes to (almost) all parts of the calorimeter reconstruction and calibration chain u just snapshot of current projects today u Focus on u Local hadronic calibration u jet reconstruction and calibration  New hire (Lelas) gives us in depth e/  reconstruction expertise Local Hadronic Calibration

37. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 37 2004 EMEC-HEC-FCAL TB (from Shaw’s MSc Thesis -- Keeler, McPherson) u 2004 TB designed to investigate energy sharing among EMEC, HEC and FCAL u Particularly across significant dead- material in cryostat and supports u In ATLAS, no tracking here, so difficult to calibration in situ u UVic contributions: u Monitoring: Lefebvre, McPherson u Calibration: Shaw, Keeler, McPherson, Wielers u Analysis: Shaw, Keeler, McPherson

38. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 38 Early Physics: Low mass Drell Yan ee II (early studies)

39. 23 October 2006 McPherson -- ATLAS @ UVic: GSC-19 site visit 39 ETmiss analysis: tails from data? II u Currently: produced large background sets with detector problems u 9 LAr HV lines: 224 cells @ 0, 9722 @ ½ u 2 LAr FEC (1 EMB, 1 EC special): 7680 dead cells u 2 Tile drawers: 41 dead cells