1. 1

2. 2

3. 3

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6

7. Lagrangian of QED:

8. 8

9. 9

10. fine-structure constant =0.00729735253 10

11. 11 Feynman diagram

12. Quantum Field Theory: Finestructure constant  function of energy or scale due to quantum fluctuations of electron-positron pairs => partial screening of bare charge of the electron at distances less than the compton wavelength of the electron 12

13. +

15. +

16. LEP

17. Abelean gauge theory: gauge bosons interact only with the fermions

18. Non-Abelean gauge theories 18

19. 19

20. 20

21. 21

22. non-Abelean gauge theory gauge bosons interact with the fermions and with the gauge bosons

28. LEP experiments: at 91 GeV

34. as as experiment =>

35. 3 Quarks: u,d,s

38. violation of „scaling“

39. p: proton momentum x p: quark momentum 0 < x < 1

40. + … + + 2 + 2

42. scaling violations in QCD quarks emit gluons! Q1Q1 Q 2 > Q 1 The structure function data exhibit systematic violations of Bjorken scaling

47. scaling violations 

50. quark – antiquark potential

51. Large distance: linear term

54. 54

55. 55

56. 56 Feynman

57. 57

58. 58

59. 59

60. 60

61. 61

62. 62 gluon quark antiquark

63. 63

64. 64

65. 65

66. „dimesons“ „pentaquarks“ „dibaryons“

67. 67

68. 68

69. 69

70. 70

71. 71

72. glue mesons strong mixing with neutral quark-antiquark mesons (thus far not observed)