1. The 1920’s After the war…

2. Life in American after the war??? Economy: trying to adjust League of Nations: country divided Returning soldiers: high unemployment Women and minorities: lost jobs Industry: suffering economically (no war) Farming: suffering also

3. Nativism Prejudice against people from other countries Very popular in U.S. after war Anti-immigration Led to policy of Isolationism  U.S. began to shy away from foreign affairs  Lasted until WWII

4. Communism Economic/political system Dictator ruled govt. system No private property Government ownership of all businesses “The Red Scare” Leader: Vladimir Lenin Communism spreads to U.S.

5. Sacco and Vanzetti Italian immigrants Anarchists (opposed to any govt.) Evaded draft in WWI Arrested/charged for robbery & murder of a factory supervisor and his guard No substantial evidence, but still found guilty Sentenced to death

6. More Problems… Hate groups (KKK) Against African-Americans and all immigrants Quotas: limited # of immigrants (per country) Labor Issues: 3,000 strikes in 1919 Boston Police Strike Steel Mill Strike

7. Warren G. Harding Became pres. In 1921 Sought a return to “normalcy” Cabinet called the “Ohio Gang” Friends of Harding Corrupt/graft Teapot Dome Scandal: Oil reserves transferred and benefited Albert Fall (Sec. of Interior & friend of Harding) Found guilty of bribery

8. New Industries (under Coolidge) Auto: New roads, urban sprawl, new industries (i.e. gas stations, repair shops, shopping centers, etc.) Airplane: Mail service, transatlantic flights (Earhart, Lindberg), passenger flights Appliance: Irons, refrigerators, stoves, toasters (made life easier for women) Credit: Installment plans (people wanted to believe economy was good)

9. Prohibition 18 th Amendment: production, sale and transportation of alcohol was prohibited Many believed liquor caused “moral problems” Speakeasies and Bootleggers Underground nightclubs Smuggled liquor and sold illegally Organized Crime – Al Capone Video Clip (chalkwaves)

10. Scopes Trial Evolution John T. Scopes – biology teacher Clarence Darrow – Scopes’ attorney William Jennings Bryan – prosecutor Found guilty/fined $100 (until overturned) Outlawed the teaching of evolution Video clip “Just the Facts: Emergence of Modern America – The Roaring 20’s” Chalkwaves

11. Women of the 1920’s Flapper More assertive, new clothes and hair styles, dances Drinking, smoking, open discussion of sex Double standard – more sexual freedom for men Women were working outside of the home Birthrate declined

13. Mass Culture Education changed No longer for just “college bound” Rising literacy rates Reading for entertainment (Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald) Radio News source Music: Gershwin Entertainment Games, sports, dancing, trends (flagpole sitting)

14. Harlem Renaissance African-American art, literature, music, ideological and political movement Marcus Garvey – believe in a “separate” society Langston Hughes – poet Louis Armstrong – trumpet player Duke Ellington – composer/jazz pianist Bessie Smith – blues singer

15. I, Too, Sing America by Langston Hughes I, too, sing America. I am the darker brother. They send me to eat in the kitchen When company comes, But I laugh, And eat well, And grow strong. Tomorrow, I'll be at the table When company comes. Nobody'll dare Say to me, "Eat in the kitchen," Then. Besides, They'll see how beautiful I am And be ashamed-- I, too, am America.Langston Hughes