1. 女性 女性 が輝く未来へ！

3. Present-day Japanese Men: Free or Trapped by Gender Roles? B12451 Chiho Onoda

4. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Free 4.Trapped by Gender Roles 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

5. 2. Defining Terms Gender Roles - Roles of male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences, not differences in biology Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com (2014a)

6. 2. Defining Terms Free -Able to act or as one wish -have more choices for decision making -Able to act or as one wish -have more choices for decision making Broad gender roles

7. 2. Defining Terms Trapped -Being in an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape Oxford learners dictionaries.com (2014b) Narrow gender roles

8. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Free 4.Trapped by Gender Roles 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

9. 3. Free 3.1 Employment gap 3.2 Wage disparities

10. 3.1 Employment gap Labor force participation rate Men: 84.6% Women: 65.0% Cabinet Office (2014a)

11. 3.1 Employment gap Cabinet Office (2014b) Figure 1: Ratio of Women in the Managerial Position

12. 3.1 Employment gap National Diet (House of representatives) Diet men 92% Diet women 8% (39/480 人 ) asahi.com (2014)

13. 3.2 Wage disparities Huffington Post (2014) Figure 2: Average Annual Income of Men/Women

14. 3.2 Wage disparities Cabinet Office (2014c) Figure 3: Ratio of salaried employee

15. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Free 4.Trapped by Gender Roles 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

16. 4. Trapped by Gender Roles 4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling 4.2 Number of suicide 4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

17. 4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling Cabinet Office (2014d) Figure 4: Percentage of People Feel Happy

18. 4.2 Number of suicide Cause of suicide: Working problem 20-29: Men 12.3% Women 4.9% Cabinet Office (2014e)

19. 4.2 Number of suicide Cabinet Office (2014f) Figure 5: Changing of the Number of Suicide by Middle-Aged Men and Firm Gone Bankrupt

20. 4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

21. Cabinet Office (2014g) Figure 6: State of Men who use Child Care Leave

22. 4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’ Cabinet Office (2014h) Figure 7: Ideal and Reality on Priority of Men

23. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Free 4.Trapped by Gender Roles 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

24. 5. Analysis Free ・ Employment gap ・ Wage disparities Trapped ・ Low rate of happiness feeling ・ Number of suicide ・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

25. 3.1 Employment gap ??? Broad gender roles

26. 5. Analysis 3.1 Employment gap Labor force participation rate Men: 84.6% Women: 65.0% Cabinet Office (2014a)

27. 5. Analysis 3.2 Wage disparities Cabinet Office (2014i) Figure 8: Ratio of People Feel Happy for Each Income Class

28. 5. Analysis Free ・ Employment gap ・ Wage disparities Trapped ・ Low rate of happiness feeling ・ Number of suicide ・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

29. Cabinet Office(2014j) Figure 9: Percentage of People Feel Happy Divided by Their Occupation 4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling -Being in an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape Narrow gender roles

30. 5. Analysis 4.2 Number of suicide Men 19.1% Women 27.1% Cabinet Office (2012) Main cause: Health Problem Main cause: Health Problem

31. 5. Analysis 4.3 New Ideal Symbol ‘Ikumen’ Figure 10: Men Should Work and Women Should Do the Housework and Childcare Cabinet Office (2014k) Also, Narrow gender roles

32. Outline 1.Introduction 2.Defining Terms 3.Free 4.Trapped by Gender Roles 5.Analysis 6.Conclusion

33. Free ・ Employment gap △ ・ Wage disparities △ Trapped ・ Low rate of happiness feeling 〇 ・ Number of suicide 〇 ・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’ 〇 Present-day Japanese Men: Trapped by Gender Roles

34. Thank you for listening! も