1. Acoustical Treatments and the PAC By: Sarah, Keaton, Luke, and Zeynep

2. Acoustical Issues ●Sound can affect the room in three ways: o Diffuse- bounces sound back into the room in many directions o Reflect- bounces sound in a more direct beam o Absorb- certain frequencies are not retransmitted into the room ●Ideally 70% of room surfaces should be covered in acoustic treatment

3. Acoustical Treatment ●Acoustic room treatment is the application of various problem-solving materials attached to the room's surfaces and/or placed within the room. ●Acoustic treatments can be pre-made, custom made, or common household furniture, and made out of anything Sounds great in here! Treatment

4. Diffusion ●Diffusion is the scattering of sound waves thus limiting the sense of localization ●Diffusion panels return the sound frequencies back at different intervals o Made of small numerous segments

5. Reflection ●Good to have some areas untreated so there will be a little reflection ●Early reflection- not pleasant to hear o The sound arrives at the listener, after reflecting off a surface, at the same time as the direct source ●Any flat “untreated” surface will reflect sound o Mirrors, Large areas of glass o Laminate or hardwood floors o Computer screens and desk surfaces

6. Absorption ●Absorb sound ●Panels are a treatment used to absorb sound ●Prevent echoes, ringing, and reverberations ●Reduce reflection ●Often made of high density fiberglass and covered in acoustically transparent fabric

7. Corners ●Treated by bass traps ●Prevent low, powerful omni dimensional frequencies ●Used on corners and the joint between ceilings and walls

8. Problems ●Placement of speakers created feedback loop o audio coming from speaker is picked up by microphone and amplified ●Inconsistent volume throughout ●Poor clarity of what being performed on stage ●“Flutter” reflection of sound between parallel surfaces Performing Arts Center

9. How it was fixed: ●Feedback loop o Making speakers easily moveable so that a microphone is never in front of a speaker o Microphone choice can make a huge difference, those used in theatrical performances are more sensitive than those designed for live music ●Inconsistent volume and poor clarity o Placement of speakers were changed to create a more even coverage of sound ●Flutter o Has yet to be addressed but is caused by the nature of walls to be parallel, flat and hard surfaces so this problem could be fixed by the application of panels Performing Arts Center

10. http://music.tutsplus.com/tutorials/beginners-guide-to-acoustic-treatment-- audio-1274 http://www.gikacoustics.com/how-diffusion-works/ All of our information pertaining to the acoustics of the PAC is from Keith Caggiano Bibliography