1. Viral Diseases

2. Common Cold  Causes:  200+ viruses can cause it, including rhinoviruses  No evidence for weather causing a cold  Symptoms:  Runny nose, sore throat, headache, cough  Treatment:  Antihistamines, decongestants & glycerin based cough suppressants  NSAIDS (ibuprofen)  Transmission:  Inhaling drops of mucus full of rhinovirus  Touching contaminated surfaces  Wash your hands!

3. Influenza “the flu”  Cause: influenza (Types A,B & C)  Symptoms:  Fever, headache, fatigue, body aches, congestion  Treatment:  CDC currently recommends NOT taking medications for flu due to growing virus resistance.  Transmission:  Inhaling drops of mucus full of influenza virus  Touching contaminated surfaces  Status:  Vaccines present, BUT it changes yearly (RNA virus)  Threat of flu pandemics worldwide

4. Smallpox   Cause: Variola   Symptoms:   High fever, body aches, small raised bumps all over body   Treatment:   no proven treatment for smallpox   Most recover, 30% mortality   Transmission:   inhaling droplets of affected saliva   face-to-face contact with an infected person   Status:   Vaccine present   Can be fatal   Eradicated worldwide, last naturally occurring in 1977

5. Herpes Simplex I  Cause: (HSV-1)  Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1  Symptoms:  Cold sores around mouth  Treatment:  Topical medication to reduce healing  Antiviral medication to reduce number of outbreaks  Transmission:  Kissing, eating/drinking after one another  Status:  No vaccine, no cure! Simplex II  Cause: (HSV-2)  Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2  Symptoms:  Pain, itching, blisters on genitals, anus and thighs  Treatment:  medication to reduce symptoms and reduce number of outbreaks  Transmission:  Sexually transmitted, may not be showing signs, oral or vaginal sex  Status:  No vaccination, no cure!  1 out of 5 adolescents and adults have had HSV-2 in the US! Perianal HSV-2 HSV-1

6. Genital Warts  Cause: >100 strains of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)  Symptoms:  Raised or flat, single or multiple swellings on any genital surface, male or female, can appear cauliflower-like  Can cause cervical cancer in women  No visible signs may occur  Treatment:  Topical creams are available, doctors may freeze or burn them off  May remove warts but virus is still present in the body and warts may return  Transmission:  Very contagious  sexual contact with infected partner, may not be showing signs  Status:  6.2 million new cases a year in U.S.  No cure!  Tests available for presence in women  Gardasil- new vaccine that prevents the 4 highest risk strains of HPV

7. Hepatitis B  Cause: Hepatitis B virus (HBV)  Symptoms:  Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), liver cancer, liver failure, death  May not look sick  Treatment:  Interferon- slows the growth of HBV  Transmission:  Any sexual contact  Blood contact (needles, razors, etc.)  Status:  Vaccine is available  1.25 million American live with chronic hepatitis B Female Cambodian patient with a distended abdomen due to a hepatoma resulting from chronic hepatitis B infection Juandice

8. Rabies  Cause: rabies virus  Symptoms:  Fever, headache, paralysis, hydrophobia, hallucinations, foaming at the mouth, ultimately death  Treatment: no successful treatment  Transmission:  bite from an infected mammal (carnivores and bats)  Status:  Cases have reduced in domestic animals greatly  Vaccine is available, only given to people at high risk of infection

10. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)  Cause:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus  Symptoms:  Fever, headache, tiredness, enlarged lymph nodes  AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)  weight loss, fatigue, memory loss  Destroys CD4+ cells (part of immune system)  body cannot fight off illnesses caused by bacteria, other viruses, fungi, or parasites.  Ultimately leads to death

11. HIV (continued)  Treatment:  Reverse Transcriptase (RT) inhibitors & Protease Inhibitors- stops the virus from making copies of itself  Transmission:  sexually (orally, vaginally)  Blood (needles, or through mucus membranes)  Breast milk mother to child  NOT from kissing, touching, insects bites  Status:  No vaccine, several medicines to prevent spread in body  Worldwide: In 2004, 40 million people living with HIV/AIDS, 5 million newly infected, and 3.1 million deaths  Prevention:  Abstinence, Safe sex (Condoms!), avoidance or risky behaviors associated with sex and drug use

12. Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever  Cause:  1 of 4 Ebola viruses  Symptoms:  Fever, headache, muscle/joint pain, red eyes, skin rash  Diarrhea, vomiting, rash, internal and external bleeding  Treatment:  No standard treatment  Some patients recover but majority die, usually because the lack of immune response  Transmission:  Contaminated body fluids: Blood, mucus, semen, syringes  Air transmission in monkey Ebola-Reston virus only  Status:  Only identified in 1976 with few devastating outbreaks  RNA virus Electron micrograph of ebola virus

13. Other viral diseases  Polio  Shingles/ chicken pox  Hanta  SARS  Stomach virus (viral gastroenteritis)  Viral meningitis  Rubella, Measles, mumps Polio Measles Rubella