1. TREATMENT OF THE JUVENILE OFFENDER CONCLUSIONS FROM THEORY AND RESEARCH DR. ROBERT D. HOGE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY CARLETON UNIVERSITY OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1S 5B6 613-520-5773 robert_hoge@carleton.ca

2. SOME CAUTIONS NOVEL CONCEPTS NARROW PERSPECTIVE FOCUS ON NEEDS AS WELL AS RISK LACK OF RESOURCES

3. SERVICE GOALS OF JUDICIAL & CORRECTIONAL SYSTEMS COMMUNITY PROTECTION ACCOUNTABILITY TO THE VICTIM COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT BALANCE

4. SOME BASIC ASSUMPTIONS SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES ARE BEING MADE IN OUR UNDERSTANDING OF YOUTH CRIME THERE IS AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ON THE CORRELATES AND CAUSES OF CRIMINAL ACTIVITY IN YOUNG PEOPLE THERE IS AN EMERGING CONSENSUS ON THE ATTRIBUTES OF EFFECTIVE PROGRAMMING FOR YOUNG OFFENDERS

5. CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURE EARLY INTERVENTIONS WITH HIGH RISK CHILDREN AND FAMILIES WORK

6. CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURE [CONTINUED] PUNITIVE SANCTIONS DO NOT HAVE A SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON REOFFENDING

7. CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURE [CONTINUED] APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SERVICES, DELIVERED WITH INTEGRITY, CAN BE EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING CRIMINAL ACTIVITY

8. CONCLUSIONS FROM THE TREATMENT LITERATURE [CONTINUED] APPROPRIATE TREATMENT SERVICES, DELIVERED WITH INTEGRITY, CAN BE COST EFFECTIVE, PARTICULARLY IN COMPARISON WITH PUNITIVE SANCTIONS

9. KEY CONCEPTS FROM THE RISK/NEED MODEL CRIMINOGENIC RISK CRIMINOGENIC NEED RESPONSIVITY

10. CRIMINOGENIC RISK FACTORS FACTORS WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL OR HIS/HER ENVIRONMENT ASSOCIATED WITH CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.

11. MAJOR RISK FACTORS HISTORY OF CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR/CONDUCT DISORDER ATTITUDES, VALUES, & BELIEFS SUPPORTIVE OF CRIME DYSFUNCTIONAL PARENTING ANTISOCIAL PEER ASSOCIATIONS DYSFUNCTIONAL PERSONALITY/ BEHAVIOUR TRAITS POOR EDUCATIONAL/VOCATIONAL SKILLS SUBSTANCE ABUSE POOR USE OF LEISURE TIME

12. OTHER RISK FACTORS PROBLEMS IN THE FAMILY OF ORIGIN: CRIMINALITY, MENTAL DISORDER, ABUSE INADEQUATE ACCOMMODATIONS ECONOMIC DISADVANTAGE DYSFUNCTIONAL NEIGHGBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT

13. CRIMINOGENIC NEED FACTORS RISK FACTORS THAT CAN BE CHANGED AND, IF CHANGED, REDUCE THE CHANCES OF FUTURE CRIMINAL ACTIVITY.

14. MAJOR NEED FACTORS ATTITUDES, VALUES, AND BELIEFS SUPPORTIVE OF CRIME DYSFUNCTIONAL PARENTING ANTISOCIAL PEER ASSOCIATIONS DYSFUNCTIONAL PERSONALITY & BEHAVIOUR TRAITS POOR ACADEMIC SKILLS & PERFORMANCE SUBSTANCE ABUSE POOR USE OF LEISURE TIME

15. RESPONSIVITY FACTORS FACTORS WITHIN THE INDIVIDUAL OR HIS OR HER SITUATION THAT, WHILE NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO CRIMINAL ACTIVITY, SHOULD BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT IN CASE PLANNING. INCLUDES STRENGTH FACTORS

16. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE BASED ON VALID ASSESSMENTS OF RISK, NEED, AND RESPONSIVITY LEVEL OF SERVICE DETERMINED BY RISK LEVEL OF THE CLIENT TREATMENTS TARGET SPECIFIC NEEDS AND TAKE ACCOUNT OF RESPONSIVITY FACTORS

17. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE (CONTINUED) TREATMENTS ARE DELIVERED IN THE COMMUNITY SETTING WHERE FEASIBLE WHERE INSTITUTIONALIZION IS NECESSARY, NEEDED SERVICES ARE PROVIDED

18. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE (CONTINUED) TREATMENTS ARE STRUCTURED AND FOCUS ON CONCRETE BEHAVIOURAL GOALS TREATMENTS ARE MULTIMODAL - ADDRESS ALL AREAS OF NEED

19. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE (CONTINUED) TREATMENT GOALS ARE REALISTIC AND ATTAINABLE INDIVIDUALS DELIVERING TREATMENT ARE SELECTED WITH CARE AND PROVIDED MEANINGFUL SUPPORT

20. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE (CONTINUED) AGENCY HAS CLEAR GUIDELINES REGARDING TREATMENT OF CLIENTS STAFF TAKE CARE TO INSURE THAT THEY REPRESENT PROSOCIAL MODELS

21. RESEARCH AND CLINICALLY-BASED PRINCIPLES OF BEST PRACTICE (CONTINUED) AFTERCARE SERVICES ARE PROVIDED FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONAL TREATMENT PROGRAM DELIVERY & IMPACT IS CAREFULLY MONITORED

22. CONCLUDING STATEMENT OUR IMMEDIATE GOAL IS TO ADDRESS ISSUES PRESENTED BY THE JUVENILE OFFENDER. OUR ULTIMATE GOAL, THOUGH, SHOULD BE TO CREATE CONDITIONS FOR YOUTH TO DEVELOP INTO HEALTHY, MATURE, AND PRODUCTIVE MEMBERS OF SOCIETY. THE POTENTIAL PROFITS FROM THIS COMMITMENT ARE IMMENSE.