1. Sport Books Publisher1 Substance Use and Abuse Chapter 13

2. Sport Books Publisher2 Drugs Versus Dietary Supplements

3. Sport Books Publisher3 Drugs Defined: 1.Substances used as ______________ or in the preparation of medication. {Food and Drug Act} 2.Substances that cause addiction, habituation, or a marked change in consciousness Addiction: ___________ physiological need Habituation: _____________ to the drug effects

4. Sport Books Publisher4 Dietary Supplements Ingredients found in food _____________ to provide one or more micro and macronutrients

5. Sport Books Publisher5 Drugs and Exercise

6. Sport Books Publisher6 Every Day Drugs

7. Sport Books Publisher7 CAFFEINECAFFEINE NICOTINENICOTINE ALCOHOLALCOHOL Addiction Habituation Changes in consciousness

8. Sport Books Publisher8 Caffeine Found in: –Coffee beans –Tea leaves –Cocoa beans –Cola nuts –___________ drinks 400 to 450 mg (~2 cups of brewed coffee) not associated with adverse effects 12mg IOC limit (~4-7 cups of brewed coffee)

9. Sport Books Publisher9 Caffeine CNS _____________ Increases alertness Non-user side effects Insomnia Headaches Irritability Nervousness Elevated HR High BP Increases fat burning

10. Sport Books Publisher10 Alcohol _______________ No ______________ effect 12 ounces=5 ounces=1 ounce

11. Sport Books Publisher11 Alcohol Psychological Effects Reduced tension Reduced anxiety Enhanced self-confidence Promotion of aggression Reduced tension Reduced anxiety Enhanced self-confidence Promotion of aggression Negative Side Effects Motor coordination Hand and eye coordination Reaction time Information processing Decision making Motor coordination Hand and eye coordination Reaction time Information processing Decision making Anti-tremor Effects

12. Sport Books Publisher12 Nicotine ______________ No _______________ effects Harmful and dangerous to almost ALL levels of body functioning

13. Sport Books Publisher13 Nicotine Decreases oxygen carrying capacity Restricts oxygen supply Increases oxygen demand Increases HR & BP Alters blood and airflow Decreases temperature

14. Sport Books Publisher14 Nicotine: IRRITANT AND CARCINOGENIC HEALTHY LUNG SMOKER’S LUNG

15. Sport Books Publisher15 Illegal Drugs

16. Sport Books Publisher16 ILLEGAL DRUGS ILLEGAL DRUGS Stimulants Depressants Hallucinogens Anabolic Steroids Anabolic Steroids Opiates Cannabis + _ Cocaine, crack, ecstasy, etc. Barbiturates, anavar, dianabol, etc. LSD, PCP, mushrooms etc. Heroin, morphine, codeine etc.

17. Sport Books Publisher17 ______________ Types: –Marijuana –Hashish –Hash oil –Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

18. Sport Books Publisher18 Cannabis Psychological Effects Psychological Effects Feelings of calm and relaxation Talkativeness Cognitive Effects Cognitive Effects Impairs Concentration Impairs short-term Memory More vibrant sensory perception Alters sense of time and space Physical Effects Physical Effects Impairs coordination and balance Increases appetite Rapid HR Red eyes Dry mouth and throat

19. Sport Books Publisher19 Ergogenic Aids and Exercise

20. Sport Books Publisher20 Ergogenic Aids Substances that ____________ work output, particularly as it relates to athletic ________________ Include ________ and ____________ ____________________

21. Sport Books Publisher21 Basic Ergogenic Mechanisms CNS _____________ Increase substrate storage Supplemental energy source Facilitation of recovery

22. Sport Books Publisher22 Allowed Ergogenic Aids

23. Sport Books Publisher23 Vitamins and Minerals Reasons for supplementation: –Athletes’ beliefs: 1.Ensures adequate micronutrient intake 2.“__________________” elevates performance and training –Scientific evidence: 1.Ensures adequate micronutrient intake ONLY for those athletes who are ______________ 2.Not necessary for those who maintain well-balanced diet 3.“supercharging” maybe harmful to health

24. Sport Books Publisher24 Carbohydrate Loading “Super”- loading of muscle glycogen stores GLYCOGEN STORES ENDURANCE PERFORMANCE

25. Sport Books Publisher25 Carbohydrate Loading: Side Effects Gastrointestinal ________________ Sluggishness Increased body __________ Experiment first before using for performance enhancement !

26. Sport Books Publisher26 Creatine Natural compound created from three _________ __________ Sources: –Exogenous: meats, poultry, fish –Endogenous: liver and kidneys Used by muscles during _____________, powerful movements _________________ form: creatine monohydrate (powder, tablet, capsule and liquid) Not banned by any sports governing body

27. Sport Books Publisher27 Creatine: Ergogenic Actions Increases ________ body mass (2wks) Improves high- intensity _____________ Speeds up ___________ rates Better performance in strength and power activities Greater overload Increased muscular endurance Better performance in strength and power activities Greater overload Increased muscular endurance

28. Sport Books Publisher28 Creatine: Side Effects _______________ Diarrhea Stomach cramps Muscle and ligament ________

29. Sport Books Publisher29 Banned Ergogenic Aids

30. Sport Books Publisher30 Steroids ______________ steroids: duplicate function of __________________ Injected or orally Taken in cycles vs. continually _______________: –Combining multiple types –Maximizes effectiveness –Minimizes negative effects

31. Sport Books Publisher31 Steroids: Ergogenic Actions Increase _________ body mass Increase ______________ Increase the ability to train ___________ and harder

32. Sport Books Publisher32 Steroids: Negative Effects FEMALES Growth of facial hair Deepened voice Menstrual cycle disturbances MALES Baldness Development of breasts Shrinking of testicles Reduced sperm counts Infertility BOTH Paranoid jealousy Extreme irritability Delusions Feelings of invincibility Liver tumors Jaundice Fluid retention High blood pressure

33. Sport Books Publisher33 Ephedra Extract of the Chinese plant Ma Huang Found in weight-loss, energy-boosting, and _______________ products Banned by most sports bodies

34. Sport Books Publisher34 Ephedra: Ergogenic Actions + +

35. Sport Books Publisher35 Ephedra: Negative Effects Elevated BP Cardiac arrhythmias Heart palpitations Heart attacks Psychosis Seizures DEATH

36. Sport Books Publisher36 Blood Doping  RBC  oxygen delivery  Performance

37. Sport Books Publisher37 Blood Doping: How is it done? ______________ and storing body’s RBC _______________ of normal RBC count Administering EPO ____________ of bone marrow OR

38. Sport Books Publisher38 Blood Doping: Negative Effects Increase blood viscosity Increases loads on heart, Clots Heart damage, Stroke Death

39. Sport Books Publisher39 Blood Doping: Issue Provides truly __________ performance advantage Has serious health _________ Almost _______________ to detect

40. Sport Books Publisher40 Other drugs and dietary supplements used by athletes Table 13.2 in the text