1. Leaving a Mark on the World Have you ever seen very old photographs of the town or city in which you now live? Has your area changed? Perhaps there are more buildings or roads than there were many years ago. Maybe your town or city has more trees and flowers now than it had years ago. Humans, like all organisms, have an effect on their environment. Section 6-1 Go to Section:

2. 1.Choose an animal other than a human and describe at least two ways in which it may change its environment. 2. What events might have led to the changes that occurred in your town or city? 3. What humans had on their environment? positive effect have humans had on their environment? What negative effect have Section 6-1 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

3. 6–1A Changing Landscape A.Earth as an Island B.Human Activities C.Hunting and Gathering D.Agriculture 1.Domestication of Animals 2.From Traditional to Modern Agriculture 3.The Green Revolution E.Industrial Growth and Urban Development Section 6-1 Section Outline Go to Section:

4. Human Activities that have changed the biosphere include may have once causedoften relies on the methods of the have resulted in which increased Food supplyPesticide use Monoculture use Hunting and gathering Agriculture Industrial growth Urban development Extinctions of large animals Green revolution High standard of living Increased pollution Section 6-1 Concept Map Go to Section:

5. Where Do Natural Resources Come From? Natural resources are materials that are supplied by nature. A renewable resource is one that is replaceable. A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be replenished by natural processes. Once a nonrenewable resource is used up, it is gone forever. Section 6-2 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

6. 1. Examine the list of natural resources shown below. Then, classify each natural resource as either renewable or nonrenewable. a. Wood b. Fossil fuels c. Aluminum d. Wool e. Gold 2. Describe the impact that the loss of nonrenewable resources would have on the environment. Section 6-2 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

7. 6–2Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources A.The Tragedy of the Commons B.Sustainable Use C.Land Resources D.Forest Resources E.Ocean Resources F.Air Resources G.Water Resources Section 6-2 Section Outline Go to Section:

8. Fish Catch World World Fish Catch per Person Total Catch (million tons) Amount of Fish per Person (kilograms) Year Section 6-2 Growth of Fish Catch Go to Section:

9. Emissions to Atmosphere Nitrogen oxides Sulfur dioxide Chemical Transformation Nitric acid Sulfuric acid Precipitation Acid rain, fog, snow, and mist Dry Fallout Condensation particulates, gases IndustryTransportationOre smeltingPower generation Section 6-2 Figure 6-12 The Formation of Acid Rain Go to Section:

10. What Is Biodiversity? Biodiversity is the sum total of the variety of organisms in the biosphere. Sometimes humans can reduce biodiversity, which is considered a natural resource. Section 6-3 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

11. 1. List three ways in which other organisms have proved to be a benefit to humans. 2. Compare biodiversity with other natural resources, such as wood and fossil fuels. Do you think biodiversity is a renewable or a nonrenewable resource? Explain your answer. 3. What can be done to preserve the biodiversity of organisms? Section 6-3 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

12. 6–3Biodiversity A.The Value of Biodiversity B.Threats to Biodiversity C.Habitat Alteration and Fragmentation D.Demand for Wildlife Products E. Pollution F. Introduced Species G. Conserving Biodiversity 1.Strategies for Conservation 2.Challenges in Conservation Section 6-3 Section Outline Go to Section:

13. Insects Bacteria Fungi Plants Protists Other Animals 54.4% 4.2% 18% 3.4% 0.3% 19.7% Section 6-3 Species Diversity Go to Section:

14. Fish-Eating Birds Magnification of DDT Concentration 10,000,000 100,000 10,000 1,000,000 1 1000 Large Fish Small Fish Zooplankton Producers Water Section 6-3 Figure 6-16 Biological Magnification of DDT Go to Section:

15. How Much Should It Cost? You may have read that when something becomes hard to obtain, its price usually increases. Such is the case for materials like gold and diamonds, which are nonrenewable resources. Using similar thinking, some researchers believe that all the valuable services provided by a healthy ecosystem should be assigned a dollar value. Section 6-4 Interest Grabber Go to Section:

16. Rank the following items in order of their importance to you. Then, next to each item, write down how much you would be willing to pay for it. 1. Fresh, clean drinking water 2. Clean air to breathe 3. An endangered plant containing a substance that can cure cancer 4. Gas for your family car Section 6-4 Interest Grabber continued Go to Section:

17. 6–4Charting a Course for the Future A.Ozone Depletion B.Global Warming C.The Value of a Healthy Biosphere Section 6-4 Section Outline Go to Section:

18. Cover Crops Legumes growth., grasses, and other cover crops recycle soil nutrients, reduce fertilizer need, and prevent weed Controlled Grazing By managing graze periods and herd densities, farmers can improve nutrient cycling, increase the effectiveness of precipitation, and increase the carrying capacity of pastures. Biological Pest Control The use of predators and parasites to control destructive insects minimizes pesticide use as well as crop damage Contour Plowing Contour plowing reduces soil erosion from land runoff. On hilly areas, plowing is done across the hill rather than straight up and down. Crop Rotation Different crops use and replenish different nutrients. By rotating crops, the loss of important plant nutrients is decreased. ABC Yr. 1 Yr. 2 Yr. 3 Section 6-4 Sustainable Agriculture Go to Section: corn alfalfa oats alfalfa (plowed in)

19. Solar energy Production of oxygen Storage and recycling of nutrients Regulation of climate Purification of water and air Storage and distribution of fresh water Food production Nursery habits for wildlife Detoxification of human and industrial waste Natural pest and disease control Management of soil erosion and runoff Section 6-4 Figure 6-22 Ecosystem Services Go to Section: