1. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Michael Hall Chapter 7 Reproductive Choices: Making Responsible Decisions

2. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Objectives  Discuss the different types of contraceptive methods and compare their effectiveness.  Summarize the legal decisions surrounding abortion and the various types of abortion procedures.  Discuss key issues to consider when planning a pregnancy.  Explain the importance of prenatal care and the physical and emotional aspects of pregnancy.  Describe the basic stages of childbirth.  Review primary causes of and possible solutions to infertility.

3. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Methods Of Fertility Management  Barrier methods  Hormonal methods  Surgical methods  Other methods

4. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Contraceptive Effectiveness and STI Prevention Table 7.1

5. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Barrier Methods  Male condom  Foams, suppositories, jellies, and creams  Female condom  Diaphragm with spermicidal jelly or cream  Cervical cap with spermicidal jelly or cream  Lea’s shield and FemCap  The sponge

6. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings How To Use A Condom Figure 7.1

7. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Proper Method Of Applying Spermicide within the Vagina Figure 7.3

8. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Proper Use and Placement of a Diaphragm Figure 7.4

9. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Hormonal Methods  Oral contraceptives  Progestin-only pills  Ortho Evra (the patch)  NuvaRing  Depo-Provera  Norplant and other implants (currently not on the market)

10. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Early Warning Signs of Medical Complications for Pill Users Figure 7.6

11. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Surgical Methods  Sterilization Female Tubal ligation Hysterectomy Male Vasectomy

12. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Sterilization Figure 7.7

13. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Other Methods  Intrauterine devices (IUD)  Withdrawal  Emergency contraceptive pills (ECP’s)  Abstinence and “Outercourse” Fertility awareness  Cervical mucus  Body temperature  Calendar

14. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Fertility Cycle Figure 7.8

15. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Costs of Contraception Table 7.2

16. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth Play Video Play Video | Reproduction and Childbirth

17. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings ABC News: Reproduction and Childbirth Discussion Questions:  How does Plan B work to prevent pregnancy?  Discuss both the pros and cons of making Plan B available as an Over-the-Counter drug.

18. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Methods Of Abortion  Surgical abortions Vacuum aspiration Dilation and evacuations (D&E) Dilation and curettage (D&C)  Induction abortions  Hysterotomy  Intact dilation and extraction (D&X)

19. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Changes During the Menstrual Cycle Figure 7.9a

20. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Changes During the Menstrual Cycle (continued) Figure 7.9b

21. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Vacuum Aspiration Abortion Figure 7.10

22. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Medical Abortions  Mifepristone (formerly known as RU-486) “the abortion pill” – actually involves more steps than a clinical abortion. First visit involves physical exam and dosage of pills Patient returns 2 days later for a dose of prostaglandins Females stays under observation for 4 hours A return visit 12 days later to verify complete fetus expulsion

23. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Emotional Aspects Of Abortions  Feelings include: Regret Guilt Sadness Relief Happiness

24. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Planning A Pregnancy  Emotional health  Maternal health  Paternal health  Financial evaluation  Contingency planning

25. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Pregnancy  Prenatal care  Choosing a practitioner Obstetrician-Gynecologist Family practitioner Midwives  Alcohol and drugs Fetal alcohol syndrome  Smoking  X-rays  Nutrition and exercise

26. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Fertilization Figure 7.11

27. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Process Of Pregnancy  Early signs  First trimester  Second trimester  Third trimester  “Fourth” trimester

28. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Prenatal Testing And Screening  Amniocentesis  Amniotic sac  Ultrasound  Fetoscopy  Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

29. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Amniocentesis Figure 7.12

30. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Childbirth Considerations  Choosing where to have your baby  Labor and delivery First stage – amniotic sac breaks Second stage – expulsion Third stage – delivery of placenta  Managing labor Medical Non-medical  Birth alternatives  Postpartum period

31. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Birth Process Figure 7.13a

32. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Birth Process (continued) Figure 7.13b

33. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Complications  Preeclampsia and eclampsia  Cesarean section (C-section)  Miscarriage  Rh factor  Ectopic pregnancy  Stillbirth  Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

34. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Infertility  Causes in women Endometriosis Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)  Causes in men Low sperm count

35. Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings Infertility Treatment  Fertility drugs  Alternative insemination  In vitro fertilization  Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT)  Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)  Nonsurgical embryo transfer  Surrogate motherhood  Adoption