3. Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D. Director Minnesota Geological Survey University of Minnesota

4. Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D. Director Minnesota Geological Survey University of Minnesota  Information Systems Required to Ensure Sustainable Groundwater Supply

5. Harvey Thorleifson, Ph.D. Director Minnesota Geological Survey University of Minnesota  Information Systems Required to Ensure Sustainable Groundwater Supply

6. USGS Groundwater

7. EC

8. IMPORTANCE OF GROUNDWATER FOR CANADA Domestic, 43% Industry, 14% Agriculture, 43% Groundwater Use in Canada

9. USGS - not recharged locally - Groundwater

10. Surface water and groundwater systems are linked; much to most river flow is groundwater Groundwater pumping USGS

12. Threats to groundwater quality Vulnerability and fate of contaminants are governed by geology

13. Groundwater contaminant plume USGS

14. Role of groundwater Principal drinking water source Principal source of irrigation water Critical water supply for industry Principal usable freshwater reserve Source of water for wetlands & streamflow

15. Sustainable groundwater use “development and use of groundwater in a manner that can be maintained for an indefinite time without causing unacceptable environmental, economic, or social consequences” – United States Geological Survey

16. Sustainable pumping rates

17. Observation Wells

19. Unsustainable pumping rates

20. CLIMATE CHANGE NGDC

22. Saltwater intrusion USGS

23. Land subsidence

24. Groundwater sustainability priorities sustainable long-term yields maintenance of river flow effective use of stored water preservation of water quality preservation of aquatic environments

25. Sustainable groundwater management We need to balance  groundwater pumping and land use activity with  maintaining groundwater quality and quantity What do we need to do to achieve this?

26. Requirements for sustainable groundwater development protect recharge protect recharge minimize contamination minimize contamination manage pumping manage pumping

27. Indicators for sustainable groundwater development quantity quantity quality quality mapping of groundwater systems mapping of groundwater systems

35. County Atlas - Regional Assessment Program

36. Assessing the sustainability of a regional groundwater system Assessing the sustainability of a regional groundwater system Winnipeg Winnipeg

39. MWRB

46. Drillhole data

52. Water Chemistry Carbonate Aquifer 771 Sandstone Aquifer 206

53. Density; kg/m3; from chloride

54. Transmissivity Lake Winnipeg Lake Manitoba

55. Non-industrial Pumping Wells Lake Winnipeg

56. Flow Calibration: 1920 RMS = 7.22 m Slope = 0.92 Intercept = 23.6 R 2 = 0.75

57. Flow History Match: 1999 data RMS = 10.4 m Slope = 1.13 Intercept = -28.1 R 2 = 0.82

58. Changes in head at 2019, assumed increased pumping from 1999 rates

61. New 3D methods

62. Examples of major regional groundwater systems

63. Winnipeg Sandstone Aquifer Saline water Potable water Maathuis, H. and Thorleifson, L. H. 2000. Potential impact of climate change on Prairie groundwater supplies: review of current knowledge. Saskatchewan Research Council Publication No. 11304-2E00, 43 p., 28 figures, three appendices. Prairie Aquifer Mapping

64. Outcrop Subcrop Judith River Aquifer

65. Buried Valley Aquifers

70. Winnipeg 3D aquifer map Red River Valley Red River Valley 3D aquifer mapping Fargo 3D aquifer map

71. Winnipeg 3D aquifer map

72. Fargo 3D aquifer map

74. USGS Groundwater

75. We need to: protect recharge minimize contamination manage pumping

76. Basic indicators Quantity Quality

77. Status of mapping indicators  proportion of public domain drillhole records that are digital, georeferenced, and categorized  extent of geological mapping that is detailed, consistent, comprehensive, and categorized  extent of 3D groundwater system mapping of that takes advantage of available drillhole data, geophysical surveys, and expert knowledge.

79. USGS - not recharged locally - Groundwater

80.  mapping of our groundwater systems