1. watershed planning and implementation is an iterative and adaptive process US EPA, 2005

2. Adaptive Management Framework -Ongoing knowledge acquisition -Critical role of monitoring -Continuous improvement in the identification and implementation of management strategies. -Effective communication of knowledge for policy/planning www.healthywaterways.org

3. 3) Collaborative approaches to catchment management are needed Decentralised, polycentric and multi-stakeholder local determination within the framework of higher regulation built on existing organisations and partnerships capable of adaptive management and social learning exploiting benefits of stakeholder participation more than delegation: vertical and horizontal integration of government agencies and other bodies and groups a legal mandate, accountability and legitimacy for specific agency roles and responsibilities

4. 4) For sustainable changes in land use/land user behaviour, other enabling requirements are: widely targeted public awareness raising, information and education campaigns building of trust and social capital knowledge base and technical measures leaders and intermediaries that are knowledgeable and have local acceptance adequate and sustained financial resources an enabling regulatory environment.

5. Wicked thinking leads to approaches that involve: a broad societal response by scientists, service agencies and civil society collaborative management/ partnerships adaptive management and social learning Explicit recognition and understanding of this can inform policy and process design.

6. Thank you for listening (again), for more information, please contact: Laurence Smith l.smith@soas.ac.uk Tel: 00 44 (0)207 0745177