1. 2. how should these wicked issues be managed? 3. who should manage them?

2. SLIM (OU) holistic approach : Address wicked issues through new kinds of governance mechanisms: Promoting concerted action through processes of systemic inquiry and social learning

3. 2. how should these wicked issues be managed? 3. who should manage them? IWRM as a new rule book (GWP?) – replaces the old rule book Experts design the new rule book Stakeholders learn together how to transform the situation IWRM as an emergent property of social learning (SLIM)

4. The key (generic) questions become: What is involved in designing effective learning systems – recognising the multiple inter-dependent levels of water governance – and in particular: How can we design learning systems for adaptive and integrative managing at each level? How can we design learning systems for adaptive and integrative managing between levels?