1. Visual C++ Programming: Concepts and Projects
Chapter 1A
Introduction (Concepts)

2. Objectives
Learn about the fundamental concepts of object- oriented programming
Explore the fundamental hardware components of a computer
Learn about the fundamental types of software
Study important people and events in the history of computer hardware and software development
Learn about the program compilation process and the project design methodology
Visual C++ Programming

3. Objectives (continued)
Explore the Visual Studio IDE
Create your first Microsoft Visual C++ program
Create and use TextBox and Button controls
Write and run C++ code that responds to a button click
Read and interpret error messages
Visual C++ Programming

4. Object Oriented Programming
Visual C++ is
A programming language used to write software
Developed by Microsoft for Windows computers
Derived from the standard version of C++
Visual C++ is an object-oriented programming language
Visual C++ Programming

5. Object Oriented Programming (continued)
Object oriented programming languages create objects that can be manipulated, for example…
Visual objects (like buttons you can click on)
Data objects (like a list of exam scores)
Objects
Have attributes and operations (called methods) associated with them
Are based on definitions (called class definitions)
Visual C++ Programming

6. A Robot Object
Visual C++ Programming

7. Robot Design Specifications
Visual C++ Programming

8. Object Oriented Programming (continued)
Visual C++ is used to create programs that present a Graphical User Interface (GUI)
A GUI is an object (called a form)
Typical attributes include
Button objects to click on
Textbox objects to enter or display data
Typical methods include
Programs that carry out tasks when a button is clicked
Visual C++ Programming

9. Program Interface (Form) Object
Visual C++ Programming

10. Hardware Fundamentals
Fundamental hardware components
Input
Means of getting data into the computer
Examples: mouse, keyboard
Output
Means of displaying results
Examples: display, printer
Visual C++ Programming

11. Hardware Fundamentals
Fundamental hardware components
Processing (Central Processing Unit – CPU)
Arithmetic/Logic Unit – handles numerical tasks and comparisons
Controller – handles task scheduling
Memory
Microchips used to store data temporarily while program is running
Storage
Stores data permanently, even when computer is turned off
Examples: CDs, DVD, flash drives, hard drives
Visual C++ Programming

12. Fundamental Components
Visual C++ Programming

13. History of Hardware Development
Modern computing required…
The invention of electronic binary methods of computing
The development of machines that were able to store their own programs
The advent of large-scale electronic circuitry
Visual C++ Programming

14. History of Hardware Development (Continued)
Four generations of hardware development
First generation (1930’s-1950’s)
Vacuum tube technology
Computers were large and subject to frequent component failure
Example: ENIAC (WWII project at U of Pennsylvania)
Second generation (late 1950’s – 1960’s)
Transistorized technology
Complex wiring
Visual C++ Programming

15. The ENIAC
Visual C++ Programming

16. History of Hardware Development (Continued)
Four generations of hardware development (continued)
Third generation (late 1960’s – 1970’s)
Integrated circuit (IC) technology
Mass-produced, small-scale integration of components
Fourth generation (late 1970’s – today)
Microprocessors
Very large scale integration of components on a single microchip
Made microcomputers possible
Visual C++ Programming

17. Software Fundamentals
Types of software
Systems software
The operating system (UNIX, Mac OSX or Microsoft Windows for example)
Utility programs
used to manage files
read from input devices
control output to the screen
System software interfaces directly with hardware components
Visual C++ Programming

18. Software Fundamentals (Continued)
Types of software (continued)
Applications software
Purpose is tied to the needs of the user
Uses the resources provided by the operating system
General-purpose
May be used by different users for different purposes
Word processors, spreadsheets, databases, programs, and Web browsers for example
Dedicated purpose
Used to carry out specific tasks only
Visual C++ Programming

19. Types of Software
Visual C++ Programming

20. Windows Visa Operating System
Visual C++ Programming

21. Windows Vista Start Menu
Visual C++ Programming

22. Windows Vista Control Panel
Visual C++ Programming

23. Windows PC Hardware Information
Visual C++ Programming

24. The Hardware/Software/User Relationship
Visual C++ Programming

25. History of Software Development
Machines language
Consists of binary codes (0’s and 1’s)
Assembly language
Uses short commands to stand for specific machine language tasks
High-level language
English-like
Portable from one computer to another
C++ and Visual C++ are high-level languages
Visual C++ Programming

26. History of Software Development (Continued)
Procedural languages
1950’s
FORTRAN, COBOL, LISP
1960’s
BASIC
1970’s
C, Pascal
Object oriented
Simula (1967), SmallTalk (1980), C++ (1983), Java (1995)
Visual C++ Programming

27. The Programming Process
Source code is a program written in a high-level programming language (like Visual C++)
Object code is low level code (binary level, machine language)
Computers require low-level instructions
Compilers turn source code into object code
If errors are found compilation ceases
The program must be debugged and recompiled
Visual C++ Programming

28. The Debugging Process
Visual C++ Programming

29. Successful Program Compilation
Visual C++ Programming

30. Types of Errors Syntax Logic Runtime Detected by the compiler
Warnings and fatal errors
Usually typographical and easy to fix
Logic
Program compiles and runs but results are incorrect
Often requires redesign of program logic
Runtime
Program stops running unexpectedly
Usually the result of an illegal operation
Example: division by 0
Visual C++ Programming

31. A Project Development Strategy
Problem Analysis
Identification of program requirements
Design
Interface sketch and development of solution strategy
Development
Coding in high-level language
Testing
Testing the solution under different scenarios
Visual C++ Programming

32. The Project Development Cycle
Visual C++ Programming

33. The Visual Studio IDE Visual C++ is supported by the Visual Studio IDE
An Integrated Development Environment (IDE) contains
Solution Explorer window
Shows the file structure of your solution
Form layout window and Design tab (Design window)
Allows you to create your interface
Toolbox
contains control objects you can put on the interface
Properties window
Shows attributes of each object you have selected
Toolbars and menus
Visual C++ Programming

34. Summary Object Oriented Programming Hardware Software Class definition
Objects based on class definition
Objects have attributes and methods
Hardware
Five fundamental components of a computer
Four generations of hardware development
Software
System software and applications software
Visual C++ Programming

35. Summary (continued) The Visual Studio IDE Programming
Integrated programming environment
Programming
Source code is written in a high-level language
The compiler translates source code into object code so that it can execute
Types of errors: syntax, logic and runtime
The program development process
Four stages: problem analysis, design, development, testing
Visual C++ Programming

36. Summary (continued) Visual C++
The Toolbox contains controls for your program
The Properties window allows you to change control properties
Event-handlers are methods that belong to particular objects
Visual C++ code is written for each event handler
Assignment statements assign the value on the right of the = operator to the location on the left
Visual C++ Programming