1. McGraw-Hill/IrwinCopyright © 2014 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. SURVEYS Chapter 10

2. 10-2 Data Collection Approach

3. 10-3 Selecting a Communication Data Collection Approach

4. 10-4 Communication Approach Strengths Versatility Efficiency Geographic coverage Weaknesses Error Inaccessible populations

5. 10-5 Sources of Error Measurement Questions Interviewer Participant

6. 10-6 Participant Motivation

7. 10-7 Response Terms Noncontact rate Refusal rate Incidence rate

8. 10-8 Communication Approaches Self- Administered Survey Survey via Personal Interview Telephone Survey

9. 10-9 Self-Administered Surveys Disk-by-Mail Intercept Modes Drop-off Mail CASI Fax

10. 10-10 Self-Administered Surveys Anonymity Topic Coverage Topic Coverage Systematic Sample Accessibility Costs Time Constraints

11. 10-11 Designing Questionnaires Using the TDM Easy to read Offer clear directions Include personalization Notify in advance Encourage response

12. 10-12 Options for Web-based Surveys Surveying Software Fee-Based Service

13. 10-13 Advantages of Surveying Software Questionnaire design in word processing environment Question and scale libraries Automated publishing to the Web Real-time viewing of incoming data Rapid transmission of results Flexible analysis and reporting mechanisms

14. 10-14 The Web as a Survey Research Venue Advantages Cost savings Short turnaround Use of visual stimuli Access to participants Perception of anonymity Access to data and experiences otherwise unavailable Disadvantages Recruitment Coverage Difficulty developing probability samples Technical skill System compatibility issues Possible self-selection bias

15. 10-15 Advantages of Self-Administered Study Access inaccessible participants Incentives for higher response rates Lowest-cost Geographic coverage Minimal staff needed Perceived anonymity Reflection time Question complexity Rapid data collection Visuals possible Multiple sampling possible

16. 10-16 Disadvantages of Self-Administered Study Low response rates in some modes No interviewer intervention Cannot be too long Cannot be too complex Requires accurate list Skewed responses by extremists Participant anxiety possible Directions necessary Need for low-distraction environment Security

17. 10-17 Improving Response Rates Monetary Incentives Participation Deadlines Promise of Anonymity Appeal for Participation Advance Notification Reminders Return Directions & Devices

18. 10-18 Telephone Survey Traditional CATI systems Computer-administered

19. 10-19 Designing Questionnaires Using the TDM Lower Cost vs. Personal Interview Fast completion time Random dialing CATI Wide geographic coverage Fewer Interviewers Reduced interviewer bias

20. 10-20 Disadvantages of the Telephone Survey Lower response rate Early termination Higher costs if geographically dispersed sample Limited Interview length Inaccessible populations Limited complexity of scales iPhone Voice-over IP

21. 10-21 Survey via Personal Interview InterceptCAPI

22. 10-22 Personal Interview Survey Advantages Good cooperation rates Interviewer can probe and explain Visual aids possible Illiterate participants can be reached Interviewer can prescreen CAPI possible Disadvantages High costs Need for highly trained interviewers Time consuming Labor-intensive Some unwilling to invite strangers into homes Interviewer bias possible