1. Can speed and tri-axial acceleration measured by biologgers be used to classify Oystercatcher behaviour? MSc Thesis Roeland A. Bom Supervision: Dr. Judy Shamoun-Baranes & Prof. Dr.ir. Willem Bouten Dr. Bruno J. Ens & Drs. Kees Oosterbeek Px Jeroen Onrust

2. Biologgers measuring tri-axial acceleration Static acceleration Dynamic acceleration Heave (z) Sway (y) Surge (x) Shepard et al, 2008 classify complex behaviours? Energy and storage

3. Aim Can tri- axial acceleration be used to classify animal behaviour? - test case: the Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus. Can acceleration be used to make (spatial) time budgets over a long time period? Can instantaneous speed be an alternative for classifying behaviour?

4. Why Oystercatchers? Ideal shorebird to observe a range of distinct behaviours. Fundamental ecology. Conservation ecology.

5. UvA biologggers measure: geolocation, instantaneaous speed and acceleration (20 Hz) Solar panel to charge the battery Logging interval up to 3 seconds Communicate with antennae, interactively change settings The biologgers

6. Methods Observe logged bird in the breeding season while logging with10-20 seconds interval + 3 seconds accelerometer data. Link observation data to logger data and make classification model for acceleration- and speed data separately. Log throughout the year.

7. Study area: Schiermonnikoog

10. Observations on three logged birds 702 labeled data belonging to 18 different behaviours

11. Speed model Three groups of behaviours, misclassification-error 32% misclassification-error fly not fly 8% Results No movement FlyTerrestrial locomotion is the speed = > 0.19 m/s? Is the speed > 3.5 m/s? NO YES

12. Static acceleration  Pitch & Roll Dynamic acceleration  Maximum (g)  Average absolute (g/s)  Periodicity  Frequency (Hz)  Instantaneous speed (m/s) classification model for acceleration data Heave (Z) Sway (Y) Surge (X)

13. Results NOYES is the average absolute dynamic acceleration in the sway = < 0.4 g/s? Stand Terrestrial locomotion Preen Sit Fly is the average absolute dynamic acceleration in the surge = < 1.9 g/s? is the heave pitch angle < 0.72°? NO YES NO is the average absolute dynamic acceleration in the heave = < 10.4 g/s? Acceleration model Five groups of behaviours, misclassification-error 13%

14. Time (s) Acceleration figures Terrestrial locomotion Fly Preen Dynamic acceleration (g) Heave (Z) Sway (Y)Surge (X)

15. Complex behaviour? Forage Handling Dynamic acceleration (g) Time (s) Heave (Z) Sway (Y)Surge (X)

16. Results Geolocations and accelerometer data throughout the year 2 km Fly Terrestrial Locomotion Preen Stand Sit

17. Habitat vs Behaviour

18. Day night behaviour

19. Conclusion Biologging measuring acceleration can be used to distinguish several key behavioural classes in Oystercatchers. This information can be used to calculate time budgets in a spatial and temporal scale. Such quantitative analysis of behaviour can improve our understanding of how Oystercatchers organize their time.

20. Supervisors: Bruno Ens, Judy Shamoun-Baranes & Willem Bouten Fieldsupervisor: Kees Oosterbeek Fieldworkers: Jeroen Onrust, Hedwig Ens & Maaike Ebbinge UvA team: Edwin Baaij & Emiel van Loon thanks to