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Ecology Review for test
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Ecology review What is ecology? It is the study of the biosphere. The biosphere is any place that supports life.
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Ecology review How is the biosphere organized? The biosphere is broken down into biomes. Biomes are areas with the same climate, geography, and organisms. Each one can be explained by these 3 factors.
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Ecology review How are the organisms broken down? Flora are producers and fauna are consumers. Producers make energy and consumers eat other organisms for energy. Decomposers return energy to the producers.
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Ecology review What are the levels of organization of biomes? They are ecosystem, community, population, and species. Each one gets more specific.
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Ecology review What are habitats and niches? Habitats are where organisms live. Niches are the roles organisms play. Niches can be fundamental and realized.
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Ecology review What interacts in ecosystems? Ecosystems are interaction of biotic and abiotic factors. Biotic factors are living organisms. Abiotic factors are non-living factors.
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Ecology review What is an energy pyramid? An energy pyramid shows the flow of energy through trophic levels. A pyramid shows a food chain, but can’t show the whole food web. Only 10% is passed on (on average).
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Ecology review What is the role of producers in an ecosystem? Producers are the base of all energy pyramids. Producers rely on decomposers and nutrient cycles for their energy.
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Ecology review What are the roles of consumers in an ecosystem? Consumers eat producers and help control populations. Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores eat different organisms. They also help return some biomass to the environment. Biomass is all living organisms in the biosphere (or area specified).
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Ecology review What are decomposers? Decomposers return nutrients to the ecosystem. Detritivores eat the garbage of an ecosystem.
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Ecology review How is each type of organism (producer, consumer, decomposer) important to the ecosystem? Producers are pyramid bases. Consumers control populations. Decomposers get rid of wastes and feed producers.
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Ecology review What types of symbiosis are there? There are mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism. Each involves a close relationship between 2 organisms.
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Ecology review How do populations grow? They are linear, exponential, and logistic. Carrying capacity puts a limit on the size of the population.
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Ecology review What cycles are important for ecosystems? Nitrogen cycle is important for plants. Carbon cycle is important for all living organisms. Water cycle is important for plants. Other cycles return elements to ecosystems.
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Ecology review Where does photosynthesis come in? Producers use it to start the energy pyramid. Chemosynthesis is also used to start energy pyramids.
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Ecology review Where does cell respiration come in? All organisms (even plants) use respiration to make use of energy from the sun or chemicals.
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Ecology review What is competition? This happens when there are not enough resources and organisms “fight” for them. They can be intraspecific and interspecific.
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Ecology review What is predation? This is the act of a predator chasing its prey.
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Ecology review What are density dependent and density independent limiting factors? These things help control populations. They depend on the closeness of organisms (dependent) or effect any population equally (independent).
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