1. Section 2Section 2  Objectives Students will learn...  1. why the 1 st Eng. colonies were established.  2. what helped the Jamestown colony survive.  3. how VA grew and changed during the 1600s.  Key Terms and People the following terms and people:  joint-stock company, John Smith, Powhatan,  Pocahontas, John Rolfe, headright, House of Burgesses,  indentured servant, Bacon’s Rebellion

2. The Lost Colony of RoanokeThe Lost Colony of Roanoke What happened to the colonists of Roanoke Island? Sir Walter Raleigh was an adventurer, a poet, and a favorite of Queen Elizabeth at court. With her permission, he sent several expeditions to the Atlantic coast of North America. He named the entire region Virginia— after Elizabeth, known as the “virgin queen.” Early attempts at settlement failed, but in 1587 Raleigh sent out a new expedition of soldiers and more than 100 settlers, mostly families. The group’s governor, John White, wanted to create a self-sufficient colony. They settled on Roanoke Island, a three-mile-wide strip of land off present- day North Carolina, and became friendly with Manteo, leader of the local Croatoan Indians. Soon after the colonists landed on Roanoke, White’s granddaughter Virginia Dare was born. She was the first English child born in North America. The English settlers had landed too late in the season to plant crops, so White headed back to England for supplies. What happened next is one of the great mysteries in American history.

3. England was at war with Spain, so White had to wait three long years before obtaining a ship to return to Roanoke. In August 1590 he and his men approached Roanoke Island. They saw a light in the darkness and rowed toward it, blowing a trumpet and singing English songs to let the settlers know they were friends. There was no answer. In the morning they landed and found the village in ruins, overgrown with trees and shrubs. The only clue White found was the word Croatoan carved on a post. The settlers had buried chests full of pictures, books, maps, and other goods. These chests now lay strewn about, destroyed. White hoped to find the settlers, including his family, on nearby Croatoan Island, but bad weather forced him away. No trace of the lost colony was ever found. People have tried to solve the mystery of Roanoke Island ever since. Perhaps the settlers sought refuge with local Indians, or were killed by Indians. Maybe they were wiped out by a violent storm or severe drought. But so far, no one knows the true fate of the lost colony of Roanoke.

5. objective a.Explain Virginia’s development; include the Virginia Company, tobacco cultivation, relationships with Native Americans (such as Powhatan), development of the House of Burgesses, Bacon’s Rebellion, and the development of slavery.

6. Explain Virginia’s Development Roanoke- The first attempt by the England to settle North America (1585).  Walter Raleigh was in charge of this expedition  Failed  Charter rights were given to the London Company

7. Joint-Stock Company- A company formed which gathers money from investors for exploration, settlement, and profit.  Responsible for governing and maintaining colonies  In return got most of the colonies profit.. Plymouth Co. and the London Co. (joint stock companies)  responsible for colony and took home the profit from colony Explain Virginia’s Development Cont.

8. The Virginia Company (the old London Company) Jamestown Established-  1607  1 st permanent Eng. colony in N. America. Jamestown Survives- Disease, manual labor, Natives, and swampland made the first two years difficult.

9. The Virginia Company John Smith-  Saves Jamestown  “those who do not work, do not eat”  Rigid discipline, strengthened defenses, encouraged farming  Due to bad government near chaos, Smith was eventually elected president of the local council in September 1608.  He helped trade for food with Indians, build houses, and explore the area.  organized raids to steal food from the Indians.  He said that he was captured by some Powhatans and was about to be killed but was saved by Pocahontas  Smith was accidentally burned with gun powder and had to return to England

10. Tobacco Cultivation and Jamestown John Rolfe-  Brings tobacco seeds from W. Indies  Becomes Jamestown main cash crop (crop grown for profit)  new wave of immigration into the colonyPocahontas-  Married John Rolfe.  helped Jamestown colonists plant tobacco and served as a translator

11. Pocahontas Powhatan Pocahontas Powhatan

12. Virginia’s Relationship with Native Americans Chief Powhatan-  Leader of the Native American tribes in VA  Father of Pocahontas  1 st who fought the settlers then traded with Jamestown (short time)  Why do you think Powhatan had a change of heart? Conflict in Virginia Fighting b/w VA and Native Americans continued throughout the 1620s-1640s.

13. Virginia continued to grow headright system- 50 acre grants of land - each family received one headright for each family member and servant they had  Anyone who paid for another person's passage got an additional headright  1619 - VA. Co. brought 1 st women (100) and artisans to help VA grow  1 st slaves brought

14. Development of the House of Burgesses representative government-A government in which the people elect their own officials. Inalienable (Natural) rights of citizens- people have rights that no government can take away. “salutary neglect”- The British government’s policy of letting the colonies govern themselves.

15. House of Burgesses Cont.House of Burgesses Cont. House of Burgesses-1619 1 st elected assembly (governor and appointed council)  Only white male land owners could be a member  Had the Power to raise taxes and make laws  America’s 1 st legislature

16. Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured Servant-  Immigrant from Europe who agreed to work in exchange for passage to North America.  Made up a large part of the VA population  Following Bacon’s Rebellion, the number of indentured servants decreased dramatically.

17. Bacon’s Rebellion Nathaniel Bacon- Aristocratic leader of the 1676 rebellion in Virginia. Bacon’s Rebellion-  Armed conflict over land disputes between settlers and Native Americans bringing fighting from western Virginia to Jamestown.  The result was a large reduction of indentured servants.

18. The Development of Slavery slave system-  System in which Africans were brought to the Americas to perform laborious work (primarily agriculture in the South).  Following Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), the number of slaves arriving to the colonies increased dramatically.

19. The Development of Slavery plantation system-  Large self-sufficient farms used grow one or more cash crops for profit.  Found primarily in the Southern Colonies.