1. Chapter Five
Appreciating Individual Differences (Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions)

2. Chapter Five Outline From Self-Concept to Self-Management
Self Esteem
Self-Efficacy (“I can do that.”)
Self-Monitoring
Self management: A Social Learning Model
Personality Dynamics
The Big Five Personality Dimensions
Locus of Control: Self or Environment?
Attitudes
Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities

3. Chapter Five Outline (continued)
5-1b
Chapter Five Outline (continued)
OB Gets Emotional
Positive and Negative Emotions
More Attention Needed
Emotional Intelligence

4. PERSPECTIVE
Working with people, managing people, requires understanding
Of ourselves
Of those around us
This demands that we make inference based on their behavior (and our own feelings and responses to their behavior)
Theories help us make these inferences

5. An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences
5-2 Figure 5-1
An OB Model for Studying Individual Differences
The Unique Individual
Forms of Self- Expression
Personality traits
Self-Management
Self Concept
Self-esteem
Self-efficacy
Self-monitoring
Attitudes
Abilities
Emotions

6. Self-Efficacy A Model of Self-Efficacy
5-3
Figure 5-2
Self-Efficacy
Self-efficacy: “A person’s belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.”
A Model of Self-Efficacy
Sources of Self-Efficacy Beliefs:
- Prior experience
- Behavior models
- Persuasion from others
- Assessment of physical/emotional state

7. How Good Are You at Self-Monitoring?
5-4
Hands on Exercise
How Good Are You at Self-Monitoring?
Self-Monitoring: “The extent to which a person observes their own self-expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation.”
Would those who know you well score you about the same? If not, could that be a source of interpersonal problems? Explain.
What implications does your score have for you as a manager?
If you are unhappy with your score, what can you do to change your self-monitoring tendencies?

8. A Social Learning Model of Self-Management
5-5
Figure 5-3
A Social Learning Model of Self-Management
Person
(psychological self)
Behavior
Situational Cues
Consequences

9. Covey’s Seven Habits: An Agenda for Managerial Self-Improvement
5-6
Table 5-1
Covey’s Seven Habits: An Agenda for Managerial Self-Improvement
1. Be proactive.
2. Begin with the end in mind.
3. Put first things first.
4. Think win/win.
5. Seek first to understand, then to be understood.
6. Synergize.
7. Sharpen the saw.

10. The Big Five Personality Dimensions
5-7
Table 5-2
The Big Five Personality Dimensions
Extraversion: Outgoing, talkative, sociable, assertive
Agreeableness: Trusting, good natured, cooperative, soft hearted
Conscientiousness: Dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent
Emotional stability: Relaxed, secure, unworried
Openness to experience: Intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad minded
Research finding: Conscientiousness is the best (but not a strong) predictor of job performance

11. 5-8
Locus of Control
Internal locus of control: belief that one controls key events and consequences in one’s life.
External locus of control: One’s life outcomes attributed to environmental factors such as luck or fate.
For class discussion: What sort of locus of control “balance” do today’s managers need to seek to be successful without experiencing excessive stress?

12. Seven Major Mental Abilities
5-9
Table 5-3
Seven Major Mental Abilities
Verbal comprehension: Meaning of words and reading comprehension
Word fluency: Ability to produce isolated words to meet specific requirements
Numerical: Arithmetic computation
Spatial: Perceive spatial patterns and visualize geometric shapes
Memory: Good rote memory of words, symbols, and lists
Perceptual speed: Perception of similarities and differences in figures
Inductive reasoning: Reasoning from specifics to general conclusion

13. Positive and Negative Emotions
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Figure 5-4
Emotions
Emotions: “Complex, patterned, organismic reactions to how we think we are doing in our lifelong efforts to survive and flourish and to achieve what we wish for ourselves.”
Positive and Negative Emotions
Negative emotions (Goal incongruent): - Anger - Fright/anxiety - Guilt/shame - Sadness - Envy/jealousy - Disgust
Positive emotions (Goal congruent) - Happiness/joy - Pride - Love/affection - Relief