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Prenatal Care and Culture BIO 125 Analysis of a Public Health Threat Richard Chien, Jacqueline Hofer, Randell Rueda, Hannah Shin
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“You're taking a risk, like driving without a license..." http://www.empowher.com/media/video/why- prenatal-care-important-dr-dicampli-video
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Problem Too few women are getting late or no prenatal care. The primary goal of prenatal care is to keep you and your baby safe and healthy. Babies of mothers who do not get prenatal care are 3x more likely to have a low birth weight and 5x more likely to die than those born to mothers who do get care. 1 Pregnancy-related mortality ratio 4x greater than did white women with any care. 2 Black women with no care were 2.2 x more likely to experience a pregnancy-related death than were black women who had any care. 2 1 Womenshealth.gov 2 Pregnancy Related Mortality in the US, Feb 2003
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005
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Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Ethnicity-Age-Adjusted Late/No Prenatal Care for Merced County 1998-2006 Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Ethnicity-Age-Adjusted Late/No Prenatal Care Rates for New York, 1998-2006 Standardized Population: United States Census 2000 Population = 281421906 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 2003-2006, on CDC WONDER Online Database, March 2009 Source: United States Department of Health and Human Services (US DHHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Division of Vital Statistics, Natality public-use data 1995-2002, on CDC WONDER On-line Database, November 2005 NOTE: Data from 2003-2006 contains birth certificate data in which ethnicity demographics were "not on certificate," which explains for the unadjustable or unaccountable drop in the values for all ethnicities from 2003-2006
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Intervention Organizational - Prenatal and postpartum nurse home visitation 3 Community - Healthy Steps Program: Delivery of the prenatal component: 3 home visits and telephone follow-up during mothers' 2 nd and 3 rd trimesters 4 Individual - Home Visiting by Paraprofessionals and by Nurses 5 3 Improving the Delivery of Prenatal Care and Outcomes of Pregnancy: A Randomized Trial of Nurse Home Visitation Jan 1986 4 PrePare: a program of enhanced prenatal services within health-maintenance organization settings Feb 2001 5 Home Visiting by Paraprofessionals and by Nurses: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Sept 2002
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Recommendation Organizational: Mobile community prenatal care van Community: support groups facilitated by experienced mothers, overseen by physician – Encouragement to the individual through advertisements, flyers etc. – Within workplace: providing mother going on maternity leave with information regarding PNC, community or county programs available
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