1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers 1

2. 2 globe INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING Chapter 1 Module 1 HOs 1 & 1a, 14, 14a

3. 3 Planners’ “Core” Curriculum  Eight recommended courses/workshops: –Introduction to Planning –Planner Orientation Workshop (086/404) –Planning Process Workshop (077/405) –Plan Formulation Workshop (406) –Economic Analysis (270/410) –Environmental Considerations (408) –Hydrologic & Hydraulic Considerations (057/409) –Public Involvement & Teaming (091/407) Adopted from the 2001 Civil Works Planning Capability Task Force Report

4. To present the authorities, procedures, policies and methods of environmental analysis as they relate to the Corp’s Civil Works Mission. 4

5.  Federal Interest  Origins of the Corps Civil Works  Scope of Corps Missions  Overarching Philosophy and the Regulatory Compliance Relationships  Environmental Operating Principles and Doctrine  Civil Works Process 5

6.  Originates from the Constitution.  Federal government may participate in water and related land conservation, development and management.  Dictates why we are involved at the federal level. *  Congress has the power to tax and spend for the general welfare * It is not our intent to take over local responsibilities. 6

7.  Navigation  Flood and Storm Damage Reduction  Ecosystem Restoration  Hydropower 7

8.  Navigation. General Survey Act of 1824. Authorized the surveys of road and canal routes and set the stage for navigation improvements. Rivers and Harbor Act of 1899. First legislation with an environmental impact. 8

9. USS INTREPID NY Harbor Oct 2007 DEEP DRAFT NAVIGATION 9

10.  Hydropower Colorado River Compact (1922) Addressed allocation of water in the western states and the harnessing of the nation’s rivers to produce hydropower. Corps projects represent 25% of the nation’s hydropower capacity 100 billion KW/hr per year 10

11.  Flood and Storm Damage Reduction Act of 1936 – “Watershed legislation” Recognized flood damage reduction as a “proper activity of the Federal government” Participation limited to where the benefits exceed the costs First time use of “BCR” Set economic policy! 11

12. Hurricane Damage 2005 - Gulf Coast Oil rig blown 60 miles from original location by Hurricane Katrina 12

13. Water Resources Planning Act (WRPA) 1965 Water Resources Council with mandate Principles and Standards (P & S) for planning Federal water projects Established two co-equal national objectives  National Economic Development (NED)  Environmental Quality (EQ) (1 st formal recognition in the planning process)  Modified as P&G in 1983 with NED as the primary objective  WRDA 2007 will require additional changes in environmental and economic analyses. 13

14.  ER 1105-2-100 added the concept of a national ecosystem restoration (NER) objective in 2000.  Contributions to NER were to be made by seeking increases in the quantity and/or quality of desired ecosystem outputs. 14

15. 15 PURPOSE “…to declare a national policy which will encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and his environment…” EOPs # 1, 2 & 3

16.  Swamp Land Acts of 1850s  Rivers and Harbor Act 1899  FWCA-equal consideration for wildlife 1934-58  NEPA 1969  R&H Act of 1970 Sections 122 & 216  Marine Protection, Research & Sanctuaries Act 1972  Coastal Zone Management Act 1972  Water Pollution Control Act 1972  ESA-conserve endangered species. 1973  P&S and P&G 1973-1983  Clean Air Act 1977-90  Coastal Wetlands Planning, Protection and Restoration Act of 1990  WRDA’s 1986, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1996, 1999, 2000 & 2007  XOs 11990, 11991  Executive office Initiatives 16

17. What is Ecosystem Restoration ?  A return of a natural area or ecosystem to a close approximation of its condition prior to disturbance, or to a less degraded, more natural condition by restoring significant ecosystem functions, structures, and dynamic processes.  RAISES a Big QUESTION OF what is and how we address a SHIFTING BASELINE? 17

18. America’s Everglades are in Serious Peril Historic Flow Current Flow The Plan Flow “The 800-lb Gorilla” 18

19. Pollution Abatement MitigationWater / Sewer Treatment 19

20.  Environmental Operating Principles EC 1105-2-404  Summary Report EC 1105-2-405  Civil Works Review Board EC 1105-2-406  Model Certification EC 1105-2-407  Collaborative Planning EC 1105-2-409  Peer Review (ATR & IEPR) EC 1165-2-209 Dec 2009 & EC 1105-2-410 Aug 2008  Revision of Principles and Guidance-WRDA 2007 20

21.  Evolving Environmental Planning Policy  EC 1105-2-404 promoted a:  Balance of economic and environmental benefits in a Combined Plan  Concept of environmental sustainability  Focus on Implementation of the EOP  Section 2031 WRDA2007 modifies current policy of promoting NED consistent with protecting EQ to:  Sustainable Economic Development  Avoidance of unwise use of floodplains and flood-prone areas  Protecting and restoring the environment 21

22. On March 26, 2002 LTG Flowers issued the USACE Environmental Operating Principles that will encompass all USACE activities. 22 //www.usace.army.mil/Environment/Pages/e op.aspx

23. There are Seven Environmental Operation Principles 1. Strive to achieve Environmental Sustainability... 2. Recognize the interdependence of life and the physical environment… 3. Seek balance and synergy among human development and natural systems… 23 http://www.usace.army.mil/Environment/Pages/eop.aspx

24. 4. …accept corporate responsibility and accountability under the law… 5. Seek ways and means to assess and mitigate cumulative impacts… 6. Build and share an integrated knowledge base… 7. Respect the views of others... 24

25. 25 Sub-Planning Center of Expertise For Small Boat Harbors https://kme.usace.army.mil/CoPs/CivilWorksPlanning-Policy/pcx/default.aspx WRDA 2007 Section 2033 David A. Weekly LRH (304) 399-5635 Bernard E. Moseby SAM (251) 694-3884 Clarke I. Hemphill POA(907)753-5602 Lawrence J. Cocchieri NAD (718) 765-7071 Eric W. Thaut SPD (415) 503-6852 Jodi Staebell MVD (309) 794-5448 Brad Hudgens SWD (469) 487-7033

26. 26 Pacific Ocean Division Small Boat Harbors PCX Cost Engineering DX Hydropower PCX

27.  Technical services  Peer Review  Model certification  Training 27 The Centers enhance the Corps of Engineers’ planning capability and strengthen planner core competencies, by assisting district Project Delivery Teams through:  Research & Development  Lessons Learned  Policy Development Support  Process Improvement What is their mission?

28.  First and foremost, through joint development of a Review Plan (RP)  Keep RP up to date: Maintain communication with the PCX(s)  Lead PCX will coordinate with other PCXs and the Cost Engineering Directory of Expertise (NWW) as appropriate  Lead/Manager will be assigned as primary point of contact  Visit PCX web/sharepoint sites for latest information 28 How do I engage the ECO-PCX?

29. 29 Follows a Process that delivers a product by way of a number Administrative Milestones

30. 30 Step 10 Division Engineer's Transmittal Letter Step 6 Negotiate PMP and FCSA Step 1 Initial Problem Identification Step 18 Congress Appropriates Construction Funds Step 19 Execute PPA Step 20 Project Construction Step 15 Execute PED Agreement Step 11 C W R B Policy Review Step 7 Execute FCSA & Request Feasibility Funds Step 2 Congressional Study Resolution/Authorization Step 16 Conduct PED Step 12 Chief of Engineers Report Step 8 Conduct Feasibility Study Step 3 Initial Study Funding Step 21 OMRR&R Step 17 Draft PPA Review/Approval Step 13 Administration Review Step 14 Project Authorization Step 9 Complete Final RPT. for Coord. & Submission Step 4 Conduct Reconnaissance Study Step 5 Certify Reconnaissance Phase

31.  Reconnaissance Planning (1 yr)  Feasibility Planning (2-4 years)  (Authorization)  Preconstruction Engineering & Design – PED (2-3 years) (Planning has a role if there are changes)  Construction (3-5 yrs)  Real Estate Acquisition (part of construction)  Operations and Maintenance (continuous) 31

32. 32 Step 1 Initial Problem Identification Step 2 Congressional Study Resolution/Authorization Step 3 Initial Study Funding

33. “High Priority” Missions:  Flood Damage Reduction  Commercial Navigation  Ecosystem Restoration Beach Erosion/Hurricane Protection Flooding Navigation Environmental Infrastructure Needs Water Supply Lock / Dam Replacement - Inland Waterways System Salmon Mitigation Ecosystem Restoration Port / Harbor Deepenings Waterfront Development Environmental Infrastructure Needs Ecosystem Restoration Wetland Losses 33 Letter to Corps District Sponsor Contacts Member of Congress

34. Budget Reviewed & Presented to SecArmy (Jun - Aug ) OMB Passback ( Nov ) Budget Submitted to OMB ( Sep ) President’s Budget to Congress ( Feb ) All Offices Develop Program Requirements ( Feb - May ) Appropriations Bills ( Jul - Sep ) Cong. Hearings ( Mar - Apr ) President Signs Approp. Bill ( Sep - Oct ) OMB-ASA GUIDANCE ( FEB-MAR ) Funding Alloc. To Field Offices ( Oct - Dec ) 40 Districts / 8 MSC Needs Loaded

35. KEY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES AUTHORIZATION SENATE Committee on Environment and Public Works Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure and Public Safety HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure Subcommittee on Water Resource Development Authorization Committees establish Legal Authority Authority may be for one or more years Authority may recommend funding levels (Not appropriation at this point) Authority to construct is not normally included 35

36. KEY CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES APPROPRIATION SENATE Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Appropriations Committee Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development Appropriation Committees provide Budget Authority Grant the Executive Branch authority to spend (obligate) money Provide All Funds Provide Partial Funds Provide No Funds 36

37. 37 Step 10 Division Engineer's Transmittal Letter Step 6 Negotiate PMP and FCSA Step 7 Execute FCSA & Request Feasibility Funds Step 8 Conduct Feasibility Study Step 9 Complete Final RPT. for Coord. & Submission Step 4 Conduct Reconnaissance Study Step 5 Certify Reconnaissance Phase

38. 1. Define water resources problems and identify potential solutions 2. Decide whether there is a Federal interest in continuing into feasibility studies 3. Identify a local sponsor 4. Most of the effort is to prepare a Project Management Plan P eer Review Plan Feasibility Cost Share Plan 38 Purposes of Reconnaissance Study Step 5&6

39.  The 6 step Process occurs here  Prepare a NEPA Document  Feasibility Report serves as a  Decision Document to convince the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)  Authorization Document when submitted to Congress for project authorization 39 Feasibility Study Phase Steps 8 & 9

40. 40 Step 11 CWRB Policy Review Step 12 Chief of Engineers Report Step 13 Administration Review Step 14 Project Authorization

41. 41 Step 15 Execute PED Agreement Step 16 Conduct PED Review documentation & update as Necessary Confirm commitments in ROD/FONSI/BOs etc.

42. 42 Step 18 Congress Appropriates Construction Funds Step 19 Execute PPA Step 17 Draft PPA Review/Approval Step 20 Project Construction Step 21 OMRR&R  Confirm commitments in ROD/FONSI/BOs etc  Insure Monitoring and Adaptive Management flexibility is addressed in NEPA Documentation

44. 44 Comprehen sive Everglades Restoration Upper Miss. R. Side Channel Restoration Missouri River Fish & Wildlife Mitigation Columbia River Fish Mitigation Environmental Hamilton Wetlands (Oakland Harbor) Navigation CSSC

45. 45 Anacostia River, DC & MD Lower Cape May Meadows, NJ Sonoma Baylands and Yolo Bypass, CA Wolf River, TN Constructed Ecosystem Restoration Projects Rio Salado, AZ Lower Savannah River, GA Chesapeake Bay Oysters Source: Doug Lamont, 2007, Bang for the Buck: A Look at Ecosystem Restoration Outputs from Completed Corps Project. Presentation at the 2 nd National Conference on Ecosystem Restoration, Kansas City, MO

46. WRDA Section 204 Projects WRDA Section 206 Projects WRDA Section 1135 Projects # s Number of Project types per State Source: Data developed by Justin Gardner and Dave Tazik, US Army Engineer R&D Center, Vicksburg, MS, April 2010

47. Summary  The Corps has been in the civil works business for over 200 years.  Current trends point to a “greener Corps of Engineers.”  Corps planning doctrine is undergoing dramatic change!  Environmental Restoration receives a substantial portion of the annual budget with a significant national footprint. 47

48. 48 QUESTIONS?