1. Global Challenges

2. Challenge: Gaining Rights and Equality for Women In Africa, small self-help associations developed among women In Chile, the fight for women’s rights was part of a movement against the dictatorship of Pinochet In South Korea, it was part of a democracy movement

3. The United Nations declared 1975 International Woman’s Year

4. But at the Beijing Conference in 1995, divisions emerged over inheritance Some wanted equal inheritance for daughters and sons But under Islamic law, sons receive twice the amount

5. And a Global Backlash Some felt feminism challenged traditional values

6. Challenge: Modernity’s Challenge to the World’s Religions Fundamentalism A militant piety in every major religious tradition Term derived from U.S.A. where religious conservatives were outraged by challenges to Bible Called for a return to the fundamentals of the faith

7. Hindu Fundamentalism Hindu nationalism A politicization of religion In increasingly popular Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Muslims were viewed as outsiders

8. Islamic Fundamentalism Against Western cultural intrusion Qu’ran and Sharia to provide guidance Jihad or struggle to please God

9. The Leading Figures of Islamic Fundamentalism Mawlana Mawdudi from India Sayyid Qutb from Egypt

10. In Sudan, adopted Quranic punishments Egyptian Islamic Jihad assassinated Sadat

11. In Iran (1979) and Afghanistan (1996), Islamic movements came to power

12. Challenge: Confronting Poverty and Inequality through Religion Liberation Theology a) A Christian social action movement in Latin America “Socially Engaged Buddhism” in Asia

13. Challenge: Protecting the Environment Impact of Human Population a) Quadrupling of world population in single century b) Impact of fossil fuels 1. Global warming 2. Diminished habitats

14. The Romantic Poets Environmentalism began in nineteenth century with the Romantic poets a) Denounced Industrial Revolution

15. Second-Wave of Environmentalism Began with Rachel Carson’s book – “Silent Spring” in 1962 a) Described the dangers of chemical pesticides on the environment and humans

16. Green Party German environmental movement that entered political arena a) Opposition to nuclear power

17. Chikpo Movement in India “Tree-hugging” movement In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement The name of the movement came from the word “embrace”, as the villagers hugged trees, and prevented contractors’ from felling them

18. The North/South Divide Global South felt environmental initiatives would curtail needed industrial development a) U.S. refusal to sign Kyoto Protocol to reduce carbon emissions

19. A Challenge to Modernity Need for sustainability as opposed to endless growth