1. Chapter 10 Diseases of the Urinary System

2. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 1 Organs and Function  Kidneys – Filter blood plasma, maintain water and electrolyte balance, produce urine, maintain pH levels (regulate body fluids)  Ureters – transport urine to the bladder  Urinary bladder – Serves as a reservoir for urine  Urethra – conveys urine to exterior

3. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 2 Diseases of the Kidney Signs and symptoms  Hydronephrosis –pain, hematuria, pyuria and fever if infection is present  Polycystic kidney – hypertension, uremia, leads to renal failure  Urinary calculi – kidney stones – intense pain radiating to groin  Cancer – hematuria, pelvic pain, frequent urination (all later in disease, no symptoms at first)

4. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 3 Diseases of the Kidney Signs and symptoms  Hydronephroma – painless hematuria, later pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, anemia, elevated white blood count  Wilms’ tumor – in young children, similar to hydronephroma in adults  Pyelonephritis – pyuria, chills, high fever, sudden back pain, dysuria, hematuria, uremia, eventual renal failure  Pyelitis – dysuria, urgency, frequency

5. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 4  Glomerulonephritis – Acute: follow strep infection, chills, fever, loss of appetite, weakness, edema, hematuria, albuminuria, casts; Chronic: remission of acute – ends with contracted kidneys, uremia.  Renal failure – Acute: oliguria, anuria, headache, GI distress, muscle weakness, ammonia smell; Chronic: slow development, increase in urinary blood, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dim vision, CNS affected, convulsions, coma

6. Elsevier items and derived items © 2009 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. 5 Diseases of the Bladder Signs and symptoms  Cancer – hematuria, dysuria, fatigue, anorexia  Cystitis – urinary frequency, urgency, burning sensation during urination, blood in urine  Urethritis – burning sensation during urination, itching, discharge, in females it accompanies cystitis  Incontinence – involuntary loss of urine