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Evaporation of Liquid Chlorides in Closed Tanks using the PHOENICS Code Presentation of a Rigid Interface Model (RIModel) Olivier PRAT 1,3 - Jalil OUAZZANI.

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Presentation on theme: "Evaporation of Liquid Chlorides in Closed Tanks using the PHOENICS Code Presentation of a Rigid Interface Model (RIModel) Olivier PRAT 1,3 - Jalil OUAZZANI."— Presentation transcript:

1 Evaporation of Liquid Chlorides in Closed Tanks using the PHOENICS Code Presentation of a Rigid Interface Model (RIModel) Olivier PRAT 1,3 - Jalil OUAZZANI 2 - Olivier BRIOT 3 1 QUALIFLOW S.A. MONTPELLIER 2 ARCOFLUID AIX EN PROVENCE 3 GROUPE DETUDE DES SEMICONDUCTEURS MONTPELLIER UNIVERSITY International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002

2 SUMMARY 1 - INTRODUCTION 2 - EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS - Theorical Background 3 - RIModel (Rigid Interface Model) – Governing Equations and Characteristics –Application with the PHOENICS Code –Boundaries Conditions for Parametric Study –Simulated Cases –Exemple of Results 4 - RIModel VALIDITY LIMIT - Subcooled Pool Boiling Situation 5 - CONCLUSION International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002

3 INTRODUCTION International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - Optical Fiber Industry Liquid ( SiCl 4, GeCl 4,... ) changed into Vapor and Oxydized ( SiO 2, GeO 2,... ) Mainly used Current Technique : Bubbling Carrier Gas send into Liquid Intended Technique : Direct Liquid Evaporation for Higher Vapor Flow expected 2 - Prediction of Evaporation Phenomenon means turn to Numerical Simulation Hydrodynamic and Thermal Phenomena Simulation inside Closed Tanks Start from Equilibrium Situation and Simulation of Flow Requirements for Optical Fiber Production

4 INTRODUCTION International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 3 - Specific Model for prediction of Evaporation Process in closed Tanks Multi-Domain Method Resolution of each Phase separately Two Phases linked by Boundaries Conditions at the Interface Use CHAMs CFD PHOENICS Computation of a Specific Model for Evaporation in Closed Tanks Interface taken as a Rigid Plate with a Moving Speed RIModel (acronym of Rigid Interface Model)

5 EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS - Theorical Background International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - Two kinds of Evaporation Processes for Liquids Vapor directly produced at Liquid / Vapor Interface (Radiative Heating for instance) Vapor produced by Bubbles starting at Immersed Solid Heated Surface (Pool Boiling) 2 - Pool Boiling 4 Boiling Mechanisms Subcooled Boiling No bubbles (or Recondense near Heated Surface) Boiling with Net Evaporation Nucleate Boiling Region Partial Film Boiling Region (or Transition) Film Boiling Region

6 EVAPORATION OF LIQUIDS - Theorical Background International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 3 - How to predict Evaporation Phenomenon in Closed Tanks ? ASSUMPTION : Pool Subcooled Boiling Pressure Stability, Avoiding Decay of Liquid Precursors CONSEQUENCE : Two Phases Liquid and Vapor strictly separated : Analogy with Melting Process Two Regions with Different Thermodynamic Properties separated by a Moving Interface Heat Exchange at the Interface according Heat Conduction with Release (Solidification or Condensation Process) or Absorption of Heat (Melting or Evaporation Process)

7 RIModel - Governing Equations and Characteristics International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 4 - Implement Features with PHOENICS Rigid Interface Model ( RIModel ) Vapor Quantity Calculation by a Mass Balance and the Perfect Gas Law : Mvap (t) Mvap ( t ) = Mvap( t = 0 ) – Mcoll ( t ) + Mint ( t ) Pvap Friction at the Vapor Side of the Plate and Slip without Friction at the Liquid Side of the Plate Liquid Interface Temperature Calculation with Antoines Equation ( SiCl4 ) : Ts Pvap = 10^[ 4.09777 1200 / ( Ts 37 ) ] Ts Mass Exchange Calculation at the Interface : qint (t) qint (t). Hvap = [ vap. ( T/ z) liq. ( T/ z) ] qint ( t ) Interface taken as Rigid Plate with Moving Speed equal to Evaporation Speed

8 RIModel - Application with the PHOENICS Code International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - Moving Grid Option ZMOVE function of PHOENICS 2 - Tank Internal Domain splitted in 5 Zones Z Y X Part 5 – Stationary Liquid Part Part 4 – Contracting (Evaporation) or Expanding (Condensation) Liquid Part Part 3 – Rigid Interface Part 2 – Expanding (Evaporation) or Contracting (Condensation) Vapor Part Part 1 – Stationary Vapor Part

9 RIModel - Boundaries Conditions for Parametric Study International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 Q ( Collected Vapor Flow ) S ( Size of Evaporation Surface ) Twall ( Fixed Wall Temperature ) 3 PARAMETERS FOR PARAMETRIC STUDY

10 RIModel - Simulated Cases International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 And for Every Case : Same Tank Internal Volume (29 Liters) and Liquid Quantity (20 Liters) Fixed Wall Temperature (Twall) fixed by Empiric Determination

11 RIModel - Exemple of Results for Case n°5 International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - Boundary Conditions Collected Vapor Flow : Q2 Evaporation Surface : S2 = 11.2 dm 2 Fixed Wall Temperature : Twall 2 - Simulation Results ( start from 44°C ) Vapor Pressure : Pvap Interfacial Mass Transfert : q int

12 International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 Temperature

13 International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 Velocity

14 RIModel VALIDITY LIMIT - Subcooled Pool Boiling International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - The RIModel Assumes Pool Subcooled Boiling Situation 3 - Typical Cavity Radius in the µm Range 0.3 µm T > 5 °C CONSEQUENCE : RIModel valid for Temperature Gap of about 20°C (and even more : no major disturbance induced by Beginning of Nucleate Boiling) 2 - The Transition Pool Subcooled Boiling to Nucleate Boiling Depend on Gap between Wall and Saturation Temperatures T = Twall Tsat = [ 2.. Tsat ] / [ vap. Hvap. R ] Depend on Nucleation Cavity Radius

15 RIModel VALIDITY LIMIT - Subcooled Pool Boiling International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 Onset of Heterogeneous Nucleation T = f ( Cavity Radius )

16 RIModel - Parametric Study Results - Temperature Gap International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 Temperature Gap Dependence with Vapor Flow Rate ( Q ) and Evaporation Surface Size ( S )

17 CONCLUSION International PHOENICS Users Conference - Moscow 23-27 sept. 2002 1 - The RIModel for Evaporation of Liquids in Closed Tanks is : Based upon Heat Conductivity at Liquid / Vapor Interface by analogy with Melting or Solidification Process Assuming Pool Subcooled Boiling Situation Assuming to preserve Plane Interface during Evaporation 2 - The Parametric Study Quantify influence of Boundary conditions ( Q, S, Twall ) For same couple ( Q, Twall ) The larger ( S ) The bigger ( Pvap ) For same couple ( Q, Pvap ) The larger ( S ) The smaller ( Twall ) 3 - Critical discussion of Numerical Results With features of Boiling Process and Mechanism of Bubbles Generation RIModel Limit of Validity

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