1. Geographic Information Systems and Science SECOND EDITION Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Maguire, David W. Rhind © 2005 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd 21. Epilog © John Wiley & Sons Ltd

2. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Overview Linkage between GISystems, GIScience, GIStudy Core organizing themes linking principles, techniques, analysis, practice ‘Geospatial’ developments The ‘grand challenges’ facing GIS

3. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Systems, science, study GIS support and drive science GIScience grounds successful applications in established scientific practices ‘geospatial’ and geographically enabled disciplines

4. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

5. GIStudies addresses how systems and science interact with society Technology remains both a major driver of GIS and a constraint on access to it Poor management remains the Number One reason why GIS projects fail GIS helps resolve global problems

6. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

9. 10 ‘grand challenges’ for GIS Global data layers The GIS profession The GIS curriculum

10. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

11. Near-universal empowerment of GIS users Global population statistics Development of richer geodemographic data infrastructures

12. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

13. The transition from geo-centered to ego-centered mapping Supporting data models for a complete range of geographic phenomena Combating terrorism, preserving culture Supporting a wide range of types of geographic simulation

14. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

16. Conclusions Linkage of GISystems, GIScience, GIStudy Geography is core to understanding the Earth and its societies GIS as a common language GI students!