1. Membership, Finance and Organisation Lower 6 Politics

2. Membership Declining numbers (chart p91) Declining numbers (chart p91) European Trend, but Britain especially low European Trend, but Britain especially low Interest in politics on the wane? Interest in politics on the wane? Other means of activism / lifestyles / genuine concerns Other means of activism / lifestyles / genuine concerns

3. Finance ‘The mother’s milk of politics’ – Jesse Unruh ‘The mother’s milk of politics’ – Jesse Unruh Financing absolutely critical to the aspects of modern party politics Financing absolutely critical to the aspects of modern party politics Implications of falling party membership mean income has to come from elsewhere Implications of falling party membership mean income has to come from elsewhere Public Subsidies Subscriptions from members Donations from corporations / individuals Contributions from associated bodies Benefits and problems of this type of fundraising

4. British Finance Maintaining Party Headquarters Maintaining Party Headquarters Maintaining a reserve fund Maintaining a reserve fund Campaign Costs Campaign Costs Local Constituents expenses Local Constituents expenses http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election- 2010/7587772/General- Election-2010-Lord- Alan-Sugar-gives- Labour-400000-for- campaign.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election- 2010/7587772/General- Election-2010-Lord- Alan-Sugar-gives- Labour-400000-for- campaign.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/election-2010/

5. State Funding of Parties Party Activity is essential to democratic government Party Activity is essential to democratic government Helps reduce party dependence on backers (‘he who pays the piper calls the tune’) Helps reduce party dependence on backers (‘he who pays the piper calls the tune’) Parties of the centre left would suffer Parties of the centre left would suffer Amount of elections and referendums taking place Amount of elections and referendums taking place http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph- view/3644428/State- funding-is-not-the- answer.html http://www.telegraph.co.uk/comment/telegraph- view/3644428/State- funding-is-not-the- answer.html http://www.guardian.co. uk/politics/2002/apr/16 /partyfunding.uk http://www.guardian.co. uk/politics/2002/apr/16 /partyfunding.uk

6. Private Contributions Nothing wrong with institutional backing Nothing wrong with institutional backing Politics is a voluntary activity Politics is a voluntary activity Taxpayers money could be better spent elsewhere – disillusionment Taxpayers money could be better spent elsewhere – disillusionment Notion of corruption Notion of corruption http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Campaign_finance http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Campaign_finance http://www.observer.co m/2010/media/rupert- murdochs-political- muscle http://www.observer.co m/2010/media/rupert- murdochs-political- muscle

7. Loans for Peerages Cash for Honours (also Cash for Peerages, Loans for Lordships, Loans for Honours or Loans for Peerages) is the name given by some in the media to a political scandal in the United Kingdom in 2006 and 2007 concerning the connection between political donations and the award of life peerages. A loophole in electoral law in the United Kingdom means that although anyone donating even small sums of money to a political party has to declare this as a matter of public record, those loaning money at commercial rates of interest did not have to make a public declaration. Cash for Honours (also Cash for Peerages, Loans for Lordships, Loans for Honours or Loans for Peerages) is the name given by some in the media to a political scandal in the United Kingdom in 2006 and 2007 concerning the connection between political donations and the award of life peerages. A loophole in electoral law in the United Kingdom means that although anyone donating even small sums of money to a political party has to declare this as a matter of public record, those loaning money at commercial rates of interest did not have to make a public declaration. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/4812 822.stm http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/4812 822.stm Cap on individual donations Cap on spending Increased state funding in accordance with electoral support New powers for electoral commission

8. Homework Questions Summary Questions 1 -5 Page 83 (Labour) Summary Questions 1 -5 Page 83 (Labour) Summary Questions 1 – 5 (page 87) Summary Questions 1 – 5 (page 87) Summary Questions 1 – 3 (p90) Summary Questions 1 – 3 (p90)