1. BOAT HANDRAIL HEATING SYSTEM Group 11 Oscar Garcia Nik Hartney Pamela Mills Nicole Turner

2. Boat Hand Rails Used to provide a secure handhold Exposed to external weather conditions Susceptible to temperature changes May become uncomfortable to hold

3. Heating System Allows passengers to remain secure Provides comfort Helps prevent frostbite

4. Design Needs to run off of minimal energy Versatile enough to be applied to any boat with an inboard engine Must have a controllable temperature as to not overheat or remain too cool

5. Alternate Designs Electrical resistance heater Seawater coolant heat exchanger +- Resistive Heater Electrical Source Heat Exchanger Sea Water Feed Heating Fluid Handrail Pump

6. Final Design Raw seawater coolant flowing directly through handrail Harnesses waste thermal energy No need for complex electrical system Handrail Seawater Exhaust

7. Design Specifics Dual opposing flows to regulate average temperature Thermally conductive fluid conduit Variable throttle for seawater coolant intake Open fluid system Piping system insulation

8. Computations and Testing System parameter assumptions External Forced convective heat transfer T rail = 27  CT atmosphere = -20  C D rail = 2 inches = 0.051mV wind = 20 mi/h = 8.94m/s T exhaust =92  C

9. Computations and Testing Handrail heat loss per meter

10. Computations and Testing Log mean temperature difference

11. Computations and Testing Mass flow rate and Velocity of seawater

12. Cost Analysis Piping material selection: inexpensive, conductive Connections and Valves External thermometer

13. Conclusion Provide a temperature controlled railing system Minimal impact on boat’s systems Allow comfort and security for boat passengers