1. Alcohol Unit #3 Unit #7 in Book Page 411

2. History In 1851, Maine becomes the first state to pass a law prohibiting the sale & manufacture of alcohol 18 th Amendment – (1919) U.S. prohibited sale & manufacture of alcohol 21 st Amendment – (1933) repealed the 18 th amendment, now the control of manufacture and sale of liquor became a state responsibility.

3. Alcohol Today Nations #1 Drug problem 100 million + adults (60-70 % of total population use) Used more than any other drug 10 million + adult alcoholics 3 million + teenagers are alcoholics/ problem drinkers

4. Alcohol Today ½ of all the crime is related to alcohol 75% of violent crimes are related to alcohol Alcohol is negatively linked with violence, rape, suicide, breaking the law, academic apathy, accidental death, injuries, irresponsible decisions, STI/STDs, job loss, divorce, and serious illness. Alcohol related diseases lead to 12,000 deaths/ year #1 Cirrhosis

5. Motor Vehicle Deaths 1982 25,000 (57% of deaths) 1993 17,400 (44%) 2000 16,068 (38%) 2002 17,419 (41%) 2003 17,401 (40%)

6. Classes of Drinkers Social Moderate, safe amounts consumed by adult (21 yrs or older) Problem Self or others at risk Alcoholic Dependent

7. Classes of Drinkers About one in ten drinkers is or will become an alcoholic/problem drinker. Most adults who drink in the U.S., drink as a “social” drinker

8. Responsible (over 21) Alcohol Use Know limit Space out drinks Small glasses Dilute mix drinks Eat while consuming Don’t drink and drive Don’t drink and use medication Don’t drink if pregnant or not sure Babies of mothers who drink may be born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) See pg 415

9. P. 411 Alcohol – Fermentation – Distillation – Proof –

10. Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol) – is the active ingredient in alcohol One 12 oz. can of beer (4.5% alcohol) 1 ¼ oz. of 80 proof hard liquor (distilled) (40% alcohol) Proof: amount of alcohol in a beverage as measured by %, double the % of alcohol Ex – Beverage with 20% alcohol is 40 proof (p. 411) 1 oz. of 100 proof liquor = 50 % alcohol 3-5 oz. of wine = 12-14 % alcohol Non-alcoholic Beer – contains some alcohol (less than 1%)

11. Alcohol & the Body About 20% of alcohol consumed is absorbed into bloodstream through stomach walls. The majority is absorbed through intestine walls. The remaining alcohol is excreted through urine, perspiration, or breath.

12. How Alcohol Effects the Body p. 414 Nervous system Brain Blackouts p. 417 (a period in which a person cannot remember what has happened) Seizures Dementia (decline in all areas of mental functioning) Alcohol is a depressant

13. Digestive System Developing cancers of mouth, esophagus, & stomach Ulcers Malnutrition Cirrhosis of the Liver (3 stages) Gastritis, inflammation of the stomach due to heavy drinking Alcohol is oxidized by the normal, healthy liver at the rate of one drink per hour.

14. Immune System Increased risk of developing illnesses Respiration infections Tuberculosis (492) – Certain Cancers

15. Effects on Body p. 414 Cardiovascular system Damages organs Increases risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, & stroke Skeletal system Increases risk of osteoporosis because of loss of calcium Urinary system Increases urine flow which increases the risk of kidney failure Reproductive system Females: delays first menstrual cycle and cause irregular periods Males: affects the size of testes and muscle mass development

16. Alcohol Effects Every Cell in the Body Most alcohol is changed to harmless waste by the liver The liver changed alcohol into waste at a rate of 1 drink/ hour. The excess amount builds up in body. Alcohol goes to body tissue before excretion Effects of alcohol intensify Concentration of alcohol in blood increases

17. Hangover – a result of the chemicals used to make alcohol The only true treatment for a hangover is Time! When treating hangover symptoms, you should not use Tylenol, because it can cause permanent liver damage. One of the worst things you can do for a person is give them another alcoholic beverage.

18. Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) p. 411 Higher the BAC, the greater the effects of alcohol on the body. If the amount of alcohol (a toxin) is too large, stomach will reject it Vomiting Too much of a toxin (alcohol) can be poisonous.

19. Factors that affect BAC (see text pg 412-413) Amount consumed Body weight Feelings Amount of food eaten Carbonation of beverages Speed consumed % of body fat Gender Presence of other drugs in blood Age

20. What happens as BAC Increases See text page 413

21. Alcohol Laws p. 418 Liquor Control Board Controls all sales of alcoholic beverages Underage drinking Zero-tolerance law Lowers the legal BAC for intoxicated drivers under 21 yrs. of age Driving Under the Influence (DUI) Breathalyzer test: accurate and common way police check BAC Under 21 yrs = 0.02 BAC Over 21 yrs = 0.08 BAC

22. Laws Cont. p. 415 (Chart) Parents can not buy alcohol for their children even if it is in their own home. Parents can be held accountable & face fines for serving minors on their property. A person under 21 can be arrested for underage drinking in PA if they are: Consuming, transporting, & possessing alcohol

23. Alcoholism p. 419 Disease in which there is physical and psychological dependence on alcohol. Alcohol is a depressant Tolerance begins to build which causes an increase in drinking and development of alcoholism. Difficulty controlling behavior Denial Withdrawal Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Is the reaction of the body to sudden stopping of drinking  Is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome in which there are hallucinations and muscle convulsions. Delirium Tremens Syndrome-

24. Getting Help p. 420 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) Recovery program for people who have alcoholism Al-Anon Recovery for people who have friends or family members with alcoholism Al-Ateen Recovery program for teens who have a family member or friend with alcoholism