1. Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks. Life magazine cover (1926), John Held, Jr. NEXT The Roaring Twenties, 1919–1929 Advances are made in American technology that strongly affect U.S. business and culture.

2. NEXT SECTION 1 SECTION 2 SECTION 3 The Business of America Changes in Society The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance The Roaring Twenties, 1919–1929

3. NEXT The government supports business and keeps a hands-off policy in other matters. Section 1 The Business of America

4. Harding and the “Return to Normalcy” The Business of America President Warren G. Harding promises to return U.S. to “normalcy” 1 SECTION Wants to reduce taxes, regulations, increase tariffs on foreign goods NEXT Chooses a pro-business cabinet, including: -Andrew W. Mellon as secretary of the treasury -Herbert Hoover as secretary of commerce Continued...

5. President Harding appoints unqualified, corrupt men, cabinet positions 1 SECTION In the Teapot Dome Scandal Secretary of the Interior Albert Fall: -takes bribes -makes illegal deals with oil executives NEXT Harding depressed about scandals, dies suddenly (1923) continued Harding and the “Return to Normalcy”

6. Coolidge Takes Over Vice-President Calvin Coolidge becomes president after Harding’s death 1 SECTION NEXT Tries to clean up scandals, elected president in his own right (1924) Laissez faire—business unregulated by government benefits the nation Coolidge supports laissez faire, U.S. business prospers Against government helping people with social, economic problems Refuses to help farmers Continued...

7. President Coolidge is an isolationist: -U.S. stays out of other nations’ affairs except for self-defense 1 SECTION NEXT Helps set up the Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928): -15 nations agree not to make war on each other, only self-defense continued Coolidge Takes Over

8. Technology Changes American Life Average annual income per person rises 35 percent in 1920s 1 SECTION NEXT Americans have more money to buy goods, spend on leisure Using assembly lines, Henry Ford makes cars most people can afford Assembly line—product moves along conveyor belt across the factory Continued... Image

9. Once-costly items now cheaper, consumers use installment buying 1 SECTION NEXT Installment buying—repay borrowed amount in small monthly payments National advertising begins, promotes new products Cheap fuel powers new inventions that make life easier Mostly only white middle class can afford new products continued Technology Changes American Life

10. The Air Age Begins Former WW I pilots work as: -crop-dusters, stunt fliers, flight instructors 1 SECTION NEXT U.S. Post Office Department begins air mail service (1918) Charles A. Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart fly across the Atlantic Transatlantic flights promote commercial air transportation Pan American Airways becomes first U.S. passenger airline (1927) Image

11. NEXT Changes in society in the 1920s bring new attitudes and lifestyles but also cause divisions and conflict. Section 2 Changes in Society

12. Youth in the Roaring Twenties Changes in Society 1920s celebrates youth, young people rebel against tradition, authority 2 SECTION Youth stay in school longer, wear daring clothes, follow silly fads NEXT Dance marathons are popular, Charleston is a favorite dance Chart

13. New Roles for Women The symbol of 1920s American women is the flapper: - wears bobbed hair, makeup -dresses fall just below the knee - eager to try something new 2 SECTION NEXT Women take more active roles, have more personal freedom New job opportunities for women, 2 women elected governor (1924) View marriage more as equal partnership, women still do domestic work 19th Amendment assures women have the right to vote Image Chart

14. Prohibition and Lawlessness 18th Amendment—Prohibition—bans making, selling alcohol (1920) 2 SECTION Volstead Act (1919) enforces Prohibition, people get alcohol illegally NEXT Speakeasies sell alcohol, bootleggers transport, sell liquor illegally Organized crime gangs battle for control of bootlegging operations Crime boss Al Capone seizes control of 10,000 speakeasies in Chicago Prohibition fails, 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition (1933) Image

15. Changes for African Americans In 1920s, many African Americans move North, get better jobs 2 SECTION Gain some economic, political power: -still face discrimination, jobs, housing, racial tensions lead to riots NEXT National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP): -tries to protect constitutional rights of African Americans -unable to get Congress to pass anti- discrimination law Marcus Garvey calls blacks to return to Africa, form separate nation

16. A Divided Society Divisions between groups cause conflict 2 SECTION Fundamentalism—believe in literal interpretation of the Bible NEXT Fundamentalists get teaching evolution in schools banned in 13 states John Scopes breaks evolution ban, found guilty, decision reversed Ku Klux Klan gains strength, tries to influence politics Uses violence against blacks, others, group’s power lessens, late 1920s

17. NEXT Popular culture was influenced by the mass media, sports, and the contribution of African Americans. Section 3 The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance

18. More Leisure Time for Americans The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance Laborsaving appliances, shorter work hours increase leisure time 3 SECTION People get higher wages, spend more on leisure activities: -go to movies, reading, listening to radio, talking on phones NEXT African Americans’, Hispanic Americans’ choices limited by income, race Chart

19. Mass Media and Popular Culture Mass media—communication to large audience— takes hold in 1920s 3 SECTION 1st radio broadcast (1920), household radios increase rapidly NEXT Movies strongly influence U.S. culture, offer escape, glamour, thrills People flock to movies to see favorite actors and actresses such as: -Charlie Chaplin -Mary Pickford -Rudolph Valentino Popular culture includes songs, dances, movies, fashions, slang Films silent, most of 1920s, 1st talking movie The Jazz Singer (1927) Image

20. A Search for Heroes Sporting events of all types enjoy rising attendance 3 SECTION Boxing is very popular, many fans listen to fights on radio NEXT Baseball teams draw huge crowds, also popular on radio Sports figures give people hope for better life, heroes such as: -Babe Ruth, baseball player -Bobby Jones, golfer -Gertrude Ederle, swimmer Aviators Charles A. Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart become national heroes Image

21. The Harlem Renaissance In 1920s, Harlem in NYC becomes world’s largest black urban community 3 SECTION NEXT Harlem Renaissance—burst of black cultural activity, Harlem 1920s, 30s Artists develop, exchange ideas, artists include: -Langston Hughes—poet -Zora Neale Hurston—novelist Jazz—combines African rhythms, blues, ragtime, musicians include: -Louis Armstrong -Duke Ellington Starts in New Orleans, spreads through U.S. into Harlem nightclubs Image

22. The Lost Generation Lost Generation—artists, writers resent WW I, see little hope for future 3 SECTION NEXT Many go to Paris, see city as a place of freedom, tolerance Become expatriates—people who live in a country other than their own Ernest Hemingway’s novels reflect mood of despair following WW I F. Scott Fitzgerald novel The Great Gatsby shows dark side, Roaring 20s Sinclair Lewis novel Babbitt satirizes materialistic U.S. middle class

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