2. S ENSING AND P ERCEIVING Basic Brain

3. T HE W HOLE IS GREATER THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS.

4. T RADITIONAL D IVISIONS KW 2-13

5. CNS AND PNS KW 1-2

6. A FFERENT ( SENSORY ) AND E FFERENT ( MOTOR ) KW 2-4

7. W ITHDRAWAL R EFLEX

8. E MOTIONAL A ROUSAL Autonomic nervous system controls physiological arousal Sympathetic division (arousing) Pupils dilate Decreases Perspires Increases Accelerates Inhibits Secrete stress hormones Parasympathetic division (calming) Pupils contract Increases Dries Decreases Slows Activates Decreases secretion of stress hormones EYES SALIVATION SKIN RESPIRATION HEART DIGESTION ADRENAL GLANDS

9. B RAINSTEM KW 2-15

10. M IDBRAIN (C OLLICULI ) Old sensory centers for vision and hearing KW 2-18

11. M IDBRAIN (C OLLICULI ) Old sensory centers for vision and hearing KW 2-18

12. C EREBELLUM Coordination Planning Learning Prediction KW 2-17 Fine motor control

13. B RAINSTEM STRUCTURES Reticular Formation Sleep center Cerebellum Vegetative centers for heart rate, breathing, cough reflex, etc Cranial Nerves Summary: basic body functions Essential for life

14. T HALAMUS Located in very center of brain. “Inner chamber”

15. T HALAMUS AND C ORTEX Thalamus Visual Cortex Eye Thalamus is a Relay Station for the senses

16. H YPOTHALAMUS Motivation Regulates pituitary Homeostasis KW2-19 Location of the Thalamus Below thalamus we find

17. B ASAL G ANGLIA Initiates movements like walking. “Starter Motor” Gross motor control

18. L IMBIC S YSTEM Emotional Brain Negative emotions like fear and anger Brain’s “ID” Animal impulses and reactions Balanced in humans by cortex KW 11-14

19. H IPPOCAMPUS AND A MYGDALA KW 2-24

20. E XPERIENCING E MOTION The Amygdala- a neural key to fear learning Hippocampus (purple)

21. M EMORY COMPONENTS Hippocampus: consolidation of new memories Movie: Memento Amygdala: emotional memory Flashbulb memory Life-changing experiences

22. L OBES Based on skull bones

23. B ROCA ’ S DISCOVERY Neuorologist working in Paris in 1860’s Patient called “Tan” Understood commands Couldn’t speak After Tan’s death, Broca found area of damage in frontal lobe

24. C ARL W ERNICKE 1848-1904 Born in Poland Educated in Germany Psychiatry and neurology Studies on receptive aphasia in 1874 Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe

25. W ERNICKE ’ S AREA Patient unable to comprehend commands Able to speak but speech lacked meaning Wernicke’s area next to auditory area on temporal lobe

26. M OTOR AND S ENSORY S TRIPS Homunculus

27. S ENSORY AND M OTOR S TRIPS Contralateral control Amount of cortex related to abilities not size of body area Sensory and motor side by side

28. V ISUAL A REAS KW 8-17

29. V ISUAL CORTEX RESPONDS Functional MRI scan of the visual cortex activated by light shown in the subject’s eyes`

30. P REFRONTAL L OBES Area just behind the forehead Frontal lobes

31. L IMBIC AND F RONTAL L OBES KW 11-15 Limbic system and fontal lobes interact to control behavior

32. L OBOTOMY First lobotomy in US preformed in 1937 by Walter Freeman Calming effect Less anxious Lack of care and concern Loss of motivation KW 11-24

33. P HINEAS G AGE

34. G AGE R ECREATED New imaging techniques allow us to see how rod passed through Gage’s frontal lobes. KW 1-5