1. Medieval Roman Empire

2. Otto Gospels 1000 (four personified provinces venerate Otto III)

3. The Homage to Emperor Otto II from the Registrum Gregorii (983-996) miniature on parchment J.P. Getty Trust

4. Ottonian Benedictine abbey of Saint Michael's Hildesheim 1001-31 Ottonian Benedictine abbey of Saint Michael's Hildesheim 1001-31

5. St. Michael’s, Hildesheim (interior)

6. Accession of Christ Accession of Christ Unknown Ottonian, Mainz or Fulda, about 1025 - 1050 Tempera colors and gold leaf on parchment Unknown Ottonian, Mainz or Fulda, about 1025 - 1050 Tempera colors and gold leaf on parchment Tempera gold leafparchment Tempera gold leafparchment

7. Adoration of the Magi Adoration of the Magi Unknown Ottonian, Regensburg, about 1030 - 1040 Tempera colors and gold leaf on parchment Unknown Ottonian, Regensburg, about 1030 - 1040 Tempera colors and gold leaf on parchment Temperagold leafparchment Temperagold leafparchment J.P. Getty Trust J.P. Getty Trust

8. Gero Cross (Cologone Cathedral), ca. 970-976 Gero Cross (Cologone Cathedral), ca. 970-976

9. Lothar Cross, ca. 1000

10. Byzantine Empire, 867-1045 (yellow is area acquired in this period )

11. Nicephorus II Phocas (“white death of the Saracens”), Byzantine emperor 963-9

13. Conrad II and Henry III

14. Basil II (“the Bulgar Slayer”), 958-1025 (11 th century manuscript)

16. Pre-Norman Italy, ca. 980

17. Robert Guiscard (1057-85), count of Apulia ca. 1071 coin

18. Robert Guiscard, gold coin Gold coin (quarter dinar, called the tarì) struck in Sicily, "by order of Duke Robert, illustrious Lord of Sicily" (inscription in the field, on the coin's obverse), "... in Sicily, in the year 464" (circular legend, on the coin's obverse). The inscriptions are in Arabic, and give a date in the Moslem calendar corresponding to the year 1072. The legend on the reverse bears a verse of a sura from the Koran. Sicilian coinage from the start of the Norman period preserved certain Islamic characteristics, probabl for both economic and political reasons. (from www.norman-world.com)

19. Amalfi

20. Amalfi cathedral (11 th century)

21. St. Vincenzo

22. San Miniato, Benedictine Monastery, ca. 1090

23. Pisa Cathedral, begun 1063

24. Archangel Michael, 11 th century (St. Mark’s, Venice)

25. St. Michael and his angels fighting the dragon St. Michael and his angels fighting the dragon From the nave West wall lunette San Pietro al Monte Civate Late 11th century From the nave West wall lunette San Pietro al Monte Civate Late 11th century