1. Culture
Unit 2

2. Culture
Socially transmitted customs, values, knowledge, material objects and behaviour.
Helps to define the group or society to which we belong.
Helps to explain human social behaviour.
Society
A specific territory inhabited by people who share a common culture
Read Page 82 cultural etiquette

3. Norms Rules defining appropriate and inappropriate behaviour
Formal norms
written down
Informal norms
generally understood but not precisely recorded
Activity: Signs (desktop)
Then: Activity: Urinal study

4. Urinal Study
Norms

5. Urinal Study
Door 1 2 3
Which urinal do you use?

6. Urinal Study
Door 1 2 3 x
Now which urinal do you use?

7. Urinal Study
Door 1 2 3 x x
Now what do you do?

8. Urinal Study x x x While you are using the urinal what do you do? Door1 2 3 x x x
While you are using the urinal what do you do?

9. Norms Norms are unwritten rules of behaviour. Activity:
Think of a social situation.
List the unwritten rules of behaviour (norms).
What would happen if you violate any of these rules?

10. Norms
Norms are also classified by their relative importance to society
Mores
norms that have a moral dimension
Folkway
norms that shape our daily behaviour

11. Mores or Folkways? Norm against cursing aloud in a place of worship
Eating 3 meals a day
Incest
Waking up the escalator when moving up
Correct manners
Sleeping in a bed
Coming to school in your underwear

12. Sanctions: Positive Sanctions: FORMAL Salary bonus Medal INFORMAL
A penalty or reward for behaviour concerning a social norm
Positive Sanctions:
FORMAL
Salary bonus
Medal
INFORMAL
Smile
Compliment
Negative Sanctions:
FORMAL
Demotion
Jail Sentence
INFORMAL
Frown
Humiliation

13. Law
Norms which are designed, maintained and enforced by the political authority of a society.
1. Speeding
2. Cheating on Income Tax
3. Murder

14. Cultural Values
Collective ideas of what is considered good, desirable, and proper – or bad, undesirable, and improper – in a culture.
Values influence people’s behaviour and serve as criteria for evaluating the actions of others.
Basic values: achievement, efficiency, material comfort, nationalism, equality…

15. Values Activity On a piece of paper, list 10 things that you value.
Put these values in order of importance. 1 being most important, 10 being least important to you.
List your 10 values (1 being most important to you) on the white board.

16. Culture Shock
The feeling of surprise and disorientation that people experience when they encounter cultural practices that are different from their own
Exit Slip:
Think of a time when you experienced culture
shock. Explain why you felt this way.

17. Beliefs and Material Culture
Ideas about the nature of reality. People base their behaviour on what they believe, regardless of how true or false the beliefs are
Material Culture
The concrete tangible objects of a culture
Non-material culture
Ideas, knowledge and beliefs that influence people’s behaviour

18. Activity Analyze a sport or hobby in terms of its material
and nonmaterial aspects
Sport:
soccer
Material:
soccer ball, net, cleats, jersey, fans…
Non material:
competition, exercise, team spirit…

19. Graphic Organizer…Culture
Write a definition in the pie-piece-shaped space for each component of culture.
Norms:
Values:
Beliefs:
Material Objects:
Write a personal example of each in the outer circle.

20. Cultural Universals General cultural traits that exist in all cultures
Not always carried out in the same way
Economy (trade, tools, technology, jobs, business, clothing)
Institutions (family, government, education)
Arts (art, literature, dance, theatre, music, crafts)
Language (words, expressions, pronunciations, alphabet)
Environment (communities, geography, habitat, wildlife, climate)
Recreation (games, toys arts, holidays, festivals)
Beliefs (values, traditions, ethnicity, customs, religion, morals)
Page 102 textbook

21. Cultural Universals Project
15 marks
Written or presented
Due:

22. Knowing Your Culture Better safe than…
It is always darkest before the…
Don’t bite the hand that…
No news is …
A penny saved is a …
Children should be seen and not…
Better late than…
Proverbs:
brief sayings that express commonly held ideas and beliefs.

23. Ethnocentrism
The belief that one’s own culture is superior to all others and therefore the most “civilized” way to live
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Ethnocentrism?
Article: “The Dirty English”

24. Cultural Relativism
An approach that denies that any one way of living is superior to others
All cultures are equal.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of Cultural Relativism?
Page 80 Textbook

25. Taboo
A norm so strong that the violation demands punishment by the group
Eg. In India, followers of Hinduism have a taboo forbidding the killings of cows. Other taboos are related to sexual behaviours.

26. Unit 2 Test: 25 marks Long answer, short answer and multiple choice Vocabulary:
Culture shock
Values
Beliefs
Material Culture
Non material Culture
Cultural Universals
Ethnocentrism
Cultural Relativism
Culture
Society
Norms
Folkways
Mores
Taboo
Law
Sanctions (Formal and Informal)