1. Injury Prevention Lecture 4

2. Causative Factors Extrinsic – equipment, environment, type of activity, condition errors Intrinsic – age, gender, body size,history of injury, fitness level, skill, psychological status.

3. Intervention strategies Extrinsic – regular inspection of equipment and facilities Intrinsic- PPE – preparticipation Physical Exam Pre season fitness and conditioning Flexibility Coaching

4. Objectives of Protective Equipment to protect the body from an external or internal force. External - another person, stick, ball, etc. Internal - created normally with motion, but with a large magnitude of force the limb or joint goes beyond its anatomical limits.

5. Forces Forces can be prevented 3 ways: External protective equipment/prophylactic support (includes tape). Internal stabilisation - rehabilitative exercise Surgical Procedures - not within the scope of this course.

6. To reduce potential INJURY Increase the impact area Transfer or disperse the impact to another body part Limit the relative motion of the body part Add mass to the body part to limit deformation and displacement Reduce friction between contacting areas Absorb energy

7. Selecting Equipment Equipment must conform to rules of the sport Must allow the athlete to perform without restriction Wearing must be comfortable, if not then less likely to want to wear it, may effect performance

8. Quality CSA - Canadian Standards Association NOCSAE - National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment

9. Fitting Selecting and fitting equipment is a shared responsibility between coach, manager and AT Age and physical development play role in fitting, all are different sizes and shapes Budgets are often tight, but the safety cannot be compromised by inadequate, improperly fitted or outdated equipment

10. Care choose equipment that can be well maintained and cleaned to prevent fungus and bacteria growth.

11. Preventing Injury traditional equipment for common sports such as: football, hockey, ringette, lacrosse, roller blading, cycling, mountain/rock climbing, racquet sports, baseball, volleyball, soccer, running.

12. Preventing Reinjury same sports, but achieved differently. Tape types, objectives Braces types -objectives custom made protection.

13. Protective Equipment for the Head and Face Football Helmets Hockey Helmets Other Helmets – bike, batting, motor, lacrosse etc Face Guards Eye Wear – racquet sports Ear Wear Throat and Neck Protectors