1. Foucault’s ‘Docile Body’

2. Cellular (located bodies in (spatial Enclosures)
Foucault:
Constructing the Docile Bodies through Disciplines, the new political technology of the body (137) :
Cellular (located bodies in (spatial Enclosures)
Organic (Specified Repetitive activities)
Genetic (Trained and Timed in hard work of production)
Combinatory :Division of labour and organizing ranks & classes as units of production- Marx, Capital, vol ) (Hierarchical Isolation)
COG-D of L THRS
min
Foucault: Composition of forces - military organizational changes from masses to organized ranked and classes as units - productive force creation - Marx, Capital vol division of labour simi to military tactics
Highest form of disciplinary practice: Tactics, the art of constructing, with located bodies, coded activities and trained aptitudes, mechanisms that increase the efficiency of various forces.
Located Bodies: Gandhi: class/caste/language/religion
Nkruma: class/religion/
Cellular (play of spatial distribution) ,
Enclosure: monotonous place - a monastic place - fortress to contain any inefficiencies - control workers in factory to be most efficient
Individual separation or partitioning - no getting together - it's dangerous to the dom control - e.g. monastic cell
Learning space - individuation - easy to supervise singly and the gp as a whole - supervise, hierarchicalize and reward - cells, places and ranks are organized in order to discipline
Transpose spiritual techniques to education - teacher guides to authoritarian perfection of pupils - ascetic exercises to acquire knowledge and to behave as a good body - aptitudes are individually characterized but collectively useful through this mystical and or ascetic disciplines, exercise ordered earthly time for conquering salvation. The history of the West economized time, accumulated it in useful forms, and mediated arrangement of time in order to control and exert power over men. (d&p 162)

3. Cellular—Spatial manipulation of the body
Draw up tables
Cells, places, and ranks
Organic—Coded activities that are temporally established for the body to follow
Prescribe movements and schedules
Time-tables, monastic rituals, and following recipes
Genetic—Accumulation of time constituting ‘progress.’
Impose exercises
Dictation, Homework, and Drills
Combinatory—Composition of forces to attain efficiency.
Arranges ‘tactics’
“Knowledge of men, weapons, tensions, circumstances…”

4. Explained another way:
Disciplined bodies, e.g., in prisons, the military, the corporate world and in schools. Modern Times (Chaplin US 1936), …Gattaca (Niccol US 1997),
Spatial division of individuals
Control of their activities,
Organization of individuals into groups
Coordination of these different groups

5. (Genetic) Students/ profs. must be encouraged to: Trained and Timed
Morrison (2000): How to resist docility:
(Cellular) University must teach students to examine their own values and those of society. spatial Enclosures
(Organic) Process: Interrogation of U’s purpose: Specified Repetitive
(Genetic) Students/ profs. must be encouraged to: Trained and Timed
do public volunteer service
debate readings and their political implications
do research for public good not private profit
interrogate complex ethical problems
(D of L): University’s role: Hierarchical Isolation
Guard civic freedoms through ensuring democratic practices
Examine social problems and individual responsibilities in establishing ethics/truth in behaviour

6. Giroux:
Higher education
is seen as a commodity (C spatial Enclosures)
embodies value of market driven self interest (G Trained and Timed )
promotes consumer life styles (O Specified Repetitive activities)
produces market identity (G Trained and Timed )
lacks accountability & social responsibility (D of L Hierarchical Isolation)

7. Giroux: Corporate funding of and corporate culture in higher education:
Corporate control over what and how we learn/research in univ. reduces ability of the state and civil society spatial Enclosures (univ. not open to shape one’s self or social values)
Driven by profit motive - ‘applied’ (vs. ‘pure’) research Trained and Timed
Experiments at the cost of ethics Specified Repetitive activities
Advances vocational learning vs. pure knowledge Trained and Timed

8. Olivieri:
Corporate profit vs. ethical research Exercise of Disciplinary power by Hierarchical Isolation

9. Foucauldian conceptual frameworks on:
Docile bodies: Why do bodies become docile ?
Consumers as Prisoners: Why do consumers totally lose their freedom?
Facebook, Reality shows & Confessions : Why do people confess on public media?
Why and how do you willingly become docile as a user of Web 1 and 2 albeit you live in a democratic society?

10. Power is no longer the conventional power of institutions and leaders, but instead the capillary modes of power that controls individuals and their knowledge, the mechanism by which power “reaches into the very grain of individuals, touches their bodies and inserts itself into their actions and attitudes, their discourses, learning processes and everyday lives.” (Foucault, Power/Knowledge, p. 30)

11. Foucault ‘s biopower
It is a technology which appeared in the late eighteenth century for managing populations.
It incorporates disciplinary power.
Disciplinary power is about training the actions of individuals (their bodies)
Biopower is that of official organizations (the state or government) managing the society: births, deaths, reproduction and illnesses of a population.
Refer to the practice of modern states and their regulation of their subjects through "an explosion of numerous and diverse techniques for achieving the subjugations of bodies and the control of populations.” (Foucault).

12. Foucault (Discipline and Punish)
Disciplining is the technology of Power:
Body is monitored in its individual movements for the economy of motion through constant coercion
To dominate and keep it docile, formal rules are implemented:
Forcing obedience dissociates power from the body, which ensures an increasing spiral of obedience and utility (Discipline & Punish, p.138)
Disciplinary blueprint is established through:
Controlling a multiplicity of often minor body operations
Collectively the above continual operations produce a disciplining blueprint.
disciplines: new political technology of the body (137) 3.history (138):
a.multiplicity of often minor processes
b.converging and gradually producing blueprint
(Michel Foucault, (1995). Discipline and Punish: The birth of the prison (New York: Second Vintage Edition Books, 1995)

13. Foucault: Disciplinary power constructs a Docile Body
Surveilled Body
Objectified Body
Controlled Body
Disciplined body
Discipline is the Technology of Power that turns the body docile.
Repetitive, trained:

14. Power shapes bodies into : (Foucault, Michel (1995)
Power shapes bodies into : (Foucault, Michel (1995). Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison.)
Surveilled Body
Through state/social/self surveillance – power shapes the body – differentiate normal/abnormal – conform to social norms
2. Objectified Body
From the Classical age : the body as object, a target of power body is manipulated, shaped trained, made to obey and learn skills & rules - body is used, subjected and analyzed and manipulated
3. Controlled Body:
Works individually in retail - Coercion is used to shape/‘improve’ movement, attitudes, gestures; Body’s modes and economy are tailored for efficient control through uninterrupted coercion
4. Disciplined body:
The body is disciplined through continually repeating the above processes to turn it docile. Discipline produces ‘practiced bodies’ .
Foucault, Michel (1995). (Trans. Alan Sheridan) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of Prison. (p. 136). La Mettrie's L' Homme-machine - reduces the soul to a docile body
Foucault (1979, 1980, 1984; Dandeker 1990) refers to as a "disciplinary society"; i.e., the imposition of discipline over individuals soon becomes part of the continual recreation of institutionalizing social bodies or "technologies of power." (Wayne Fife.  Ethnology 40.3 (Summer 2001): p251(19). 

15. Mechanisms of normalization through ‘surveillance of the body’:
1. Surveilled body:
Mechanisms of normalization through ‘surveillance of the body’:
Teen (7 min)
Surveillance
Surveyed and legitimized
Described, judged, measured bullied teen
Essentialized
Classified, organized, and labeled
Power/knowledge created by this ‘science’ comes
from statistical analysis and qualitative groupings
made by experts
Viewed and scrutinized, itemized, measured and
enumerated in data banks
Very different relationship to space and time and to
existential experience
essentialism is a generalization stating that certain properties possessed by a group (e.g. people, things, ideas) are universal, and not dependent on context. For example, the statement 'all human beings are mortal' is essentialist.
a member of a specific group may possess other characteristics that are neither needed to establish its membership nor preclude its membership, but that essences do not simply reflect ways of grouping objects; they also result in properties of the object, as the object can be subjugated to smaller contexts. (Wiki)
Child plastic surg gift card (5min)

16. Bond & Playboy - Gaze, the voyeuristic eye, coding woman as its object
2. Objectified Body
From the Classical age : the body as object, a target of power - body is manipulated, shaped trained, made to obey and learn skills & rules - body is used, subjected and analyzed and manipulated 1 min body tech
Keller (2005):Ab/Normal Looking: Voyeurism and surveillance in lesbian pulp novels and US Cold War culture, Feminist Media Studies, 5 (2):
Popular culture is the space of homogenization - Stereotyping objectifies the matter, person and experience
Voyeurism controls the private, the sexual – Surveillance controls the public, the criminal, and political.
Bond & Playboy - Gaze, the voyeuristic eye, coding woman as its object
[Popular culture is] the space of homogenization where stereotyping and the formulaic
mercilessly process the material and experiences it draws into its web ... It is rooted in
popular experience and available for expropriation at one and the same time ... [A]ll
popular cultures ... are] bound to be contradictory ... site[s] (pp ) of strategic
contestation. (Stuart Hall 1996, )
[Popular culture is] the space of homogenization where stereotyping and the formulaic
mercilessly process the material and experiences it draws into its web ... It is rooted in
popular experience and available for expropriation at one and the same time ... [A]ll
popular cultures ... are] bound to be contradictory ... site[s] (pp ) of strategic
contestation. (Stuart Hall 1996, )

17. Coercion through voyeurism:
3. Controlled Body: (Foucault)
Total Body Makeover with Dr. Grant Stevens 5 min
Works individually in retail - Coercion is used to shape/ ‘improve’ movement, attitudes, gestures; Body’s modes and economy are tailored for efficient control through uninterrupted coercion
Keller (2005):
Coercion through voyeurism:
Voyeurism in popular culture serves as a method for the dominant culture to control the Other
Voyeurism is also a desire to identify with the Other while simultaneously desiring to guard the boundary between self and Other
Inscribing the self : The gaze controls and punishes: We “come to know how we are constituted and who we are“ through the way we represent and imagine ourselves
Desires are both satiated and punished

18. The body is disciplined through surveillance and control
4. Disciplined body:
The body is disciplined through surveillance and control
in all aspects as to turn it docile. Discipline produces
‘practiced bodies’
Disciplining is a result of :
Media systematically objectifies bodies – the public are
socialized to assume an outsider’s view of their body.
They learn to objectify themselves. Thus, surveillance
and monitoring their appearance becomes a habit (“body
Surveillance”) (Aubrey, 2006)
plastic surg extreme makeover 9 min