1. Middle Childhood Psychosocial Crisis: Industry vs. Inferiority

2. Developmental Tasks Friendship Friendship Concrete operations Concrete operations Skill learning Skill learning Self-evaluation Self-evaluation Team play Team play

3. Intelligence – what is it? Variety of definitions: Crystallized vs. fluid Crystallized vs. fluid Intelligence Quotient Intelligence Quotient Gardner’s 8.5 Multiple Intelligences Gardner’s 8.5 Multiple Intelligences Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence

4. Gardner’s 8.5 Multiple Intelligences Linguistic’ Linguistic’ Musical, Musical, Logical-mathematical Logical-mathematical Spatial Spatial Kinesthetic Kinesthetic Interpersonal Interpersonal Intrapersonal Intrapersonal Naturalistic Naturalistic Maybe existential Maybe existential

5. Sternberg’s Successful Intelligence Four types of intelligence Analytical/componential Analytical/componential Creative/experiential Creative/experiential Practical Practical Wisdom - Intrapersonal, interpersonal and extrapersonal awareness Wisdom - Intrapersonal, interpersonal and extrapersonal awareness ***Consider what we have done in this class. Which activities fit into which type of intelligence?

6. Middle childhood=increased cognitive activity 1. Cognitive functioning – what is it? Capacity for knowing, organizing perceptions and problem solving. Capacity for knowing, organizing perceptions and problem solving. Education is the central process. Education is the central process. 2. Piaget or Vygotsky? Both examined how cognition develops Both examined how cognition develops Discovery or facilitation? Brain-ready? Discovery or facilitation? Brain-ready? Qualitative change or context driven? Qualitative change or context driven?

7. 3. Information processing: what are the cognitive processes? Memory: short term, working, and long term Memory: short term, working, and long term http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stm0.html http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/stm0.html http://cognitivefun.net/test/4 http://cognitivefun.net/test/4 Memory increases because Memory increases because Better use of memory strategies Better use of memory strategies Increased knowledge Increased knowledge Improved cognitive inhibition Improved cognitive inhibition Faster info processing Faster info processing

8. 4. Speed of processing is about 50% of adult speed – Speed of processing info increases because- Speed of processing info increases because- Myelination increases Myelination increases Neuronal pruning occurs – frontal lobe is most dense at 7 Neuronal pruning occurs – frontal lobe is most dense at 7

9. Application of Developmental Assets, Cognitive Development and Intelligence Jimmy is in 5 th grade and has already started skipping school. His home life is chaotic and unstable and he often wears clothes that fit poorly or are unclean. He hates school because “nothing I do turns out right and I don’t have any friends.” As you get to know Jimmy, you discover that he loves comic books and he loves to draw. After lots of encouragement, he shows you some of his drawings and you are impressed. You also discover that Jimmy likes to tell a good story. Unfortunately, the typical school day doesn’t leave time for drawing or story telling because he has special tutoring sessions to help him catch up to grade level on reading, writing and math.

10. You are starting a new elementary school using as its foundation the Developmental Assets Model and Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Plan a learning activity (it can last for days or even weeks) that will foster the children’s sense of industry and which incorporates as many assets as possible.

11. Self Evaluation Two pathways to self evaluation: Self-Efficacy Self-Efficacy Enactive attainments Enactive attainments Vicarious experience Vicarious experience Verbal persuasion Verbal persuasion Physical state Physical state Social Expectations Social Expectations Teacher expectations Teacher expectations Parental expectations Parental expectations Illusions of competence and incompetence Illusions of competence and incompetence

12. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development 0-18 months Sensorimotor Around 18 months - 5 or 6 years Preoperational thought 6 or 7 – 11 or 12 Concrete operational thought Adolescence – adulthood Formal operational thought

13. Small groups 1. Consider the book’s brief discussion of intelligence on pg. 292 as well as the description of industry vs. inferiority. 2. As a group, come up with your own definition of intelligence. 3. Operationalize the definition relevant to: School School A social situation A social situation 4. Explain how your definition relates to the psychosocial crisis of industry vs. inferiority.

14. Apply It! 1. In small groups, design an activity or a school that promotes industry and competence in 6- 12 year olds. Be creative. 2. Next, analyze your idea. Come up with the top 3 critical questions you need answers to in order to decide if this is a sound idea. 3. Consider implementation of your idea: how will you make this happen? what barriers might you encounter? how can you get around the barriers? what do you need to be successful?

15. Report Back 1. Did you incorporate Gardner’s or Sternberg’s theories into your idea? 2. In what ways did your strategizing session reflect Sternberg’s 3 components of intelligence? 3. What else can you say about intelligence, based on your strategizing?

16. Developmental Assets – The Psychosocial Aspect Begun in 1990, 350,000 6-12th graders surveyed. Begun in 1990, 350,000 6-12th graders surveyed. Focused originally on youth of color and youth from distressed communities. Focused originally on youth of color and youth from distressed communities. Majority experienced 16-23 assets. Majority experienced 16-23 assets. Negative correlation between assets and age. Negative correlation between assets and age. Females tended to have more than males. Females tended to have more than males. 31 is identified as a good number, although it’s not magical. 31 is identified as a good number, although it’s not magical. There are two categories-internal and external There are two categories-internal and external