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1 As Clinical Anatomy RADIOLOGY Speaker note Dr Mohamed El Safwany, MD.
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Intended learning outcome The student should learn at the end of this lecture Clinical Radiological Anatomy.
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Intended Learning Outcomes Understand basics of image generation. Relate imaging to gross anatomy. See clinical relationship to basic science. Appreciate constraints and limitations. Develop imaging vocabulary.
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WHAT IS RADIOLOGY? Medical specialty that supervises and interprets imaging studies. Reports findings to referring physicians. 4
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RADIOLOGIST ROLE Separate: Normal from Abnormal Characterize / Describe: Abnormality Determine: Extent (stage) of disease Suggest: Diagnosis / Differential Recommend: Further exams / follow-up 5
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X-RAY Discovered and named by Dr. W. C. Röentgen at University of Würzburg, 1895 Awarded first Nobel prize for physics, 1901 6
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PROJECTION -VS- TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGE 7
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8 FOOT AP PROJECTION (ANTERIOR - POSTERIOR) RT
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9 LATERAL FOOT
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10 TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGES ARE IN A SPECIFIC PLANE SAGITTALAXIALCORONAL RT
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11 CT- HEAD CT REFERENCE FILM Skull / brain RT
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RADIOLOGY TOOLS 12 X- RAY ULTRASOUND NUCLEAR MEDICINE MAGNETIC RESONANCE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
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HOW IS IMAGING DONE? IONIZING RADIATION X-ray, CT, Nuclear Medicine SOUND WAVES Ultrasound MAGNETIC FIELDS / RADIO WAVES Magnetic Resonance 13
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X- RAY High Energy Photon --Kilo Electron Volts Ionizing Radiation Exposes Film / Detector Projection Data 14
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X-RAYS PLAIN FILM RADIOGRAPHY Chest Mammography Abdomen Spine Extremities & Joints Skull 15
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16 Air Soft Tissue Fat Bone X - RAY --- FOUR BASIC DENSITIES
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CONTRAST RADIOGRAPHY Injection, ingestion, or other placement of opaque material within the body. Improves visualization and tissue separation. Can demonstrate functional anatomy and pathology. 17
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18 UPPER GI --(GASTRO INTESTINAL ) BARIUM ENEMA RECTAL BARIUM CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film STOMACH COLON ORAL BARIUM CONTRAST
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19 INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM – IVP INTRAVENOUS IODINE CONTRAST ARTERIOGRAM INTRAARTERIAL IODINE CONTRAST WITHOUT CONTRAST-plain or scout film
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COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY HIGH ENERGY PHOTON IONIZING RADIATION EXPOSES DETECTOR TOMOGRAPHIC DATA 20
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SCAN LEVEL CT EXAMPLE RT
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE High Energy Photon Ionizing Radiation --Radiopharmaceutical Exposes Detector Projection Data Dynamic / Physiologic 22
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE EXAMPLES Hepatobiliary 23 Renal Bone
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ULTRASOUND Sound Wave - high Frequency No Ionizing Radiation Transmitter / Receiver Tomographic Data 24
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ULTRASOUND EXAMPLES Gallbladder Kidney Obstetrics 25
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Hydrogen Protons In a Magnetic Field Radio Wave Signal Transmission No Ionizing Radiation Tomographic Data 26 MAGNETIC RESONANCE
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MAGNETIC RESONANCE EXAMPLES Brain 27 Spine Knee RT
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Multiple Choice - Identify Labeled Images From Digital Film Sets And Lecture Images 28 RADIOLOGY EVALUATION
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29 HOSPITAL LINGO X- Ray Plain Film Scout Film Radiograph Computed Tomography Cat Scan CT Nuclear Medicine Nuc Med Ultrasound Sono Sonogram Magnetic Resonance MR MRI You will hear and see these abbreviations used frequently in the medical community.
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SUMMARY TOMOGRAPHY- VS- PROJECTION IMAGES SECTION PLANES AXIAL CORONAL SAGITTAL IMAGE GENERATION OF: Nuclear Medicine Computed Tomography Ultrasound X-ray Magnetic Resonance 30
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Text Book David Sutton’s Radiology Clark’s Radiographic positioning and techniques
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Assignment Two students will be selected for assignment.
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Question Define tomographic planes?
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Thank You 34
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