1. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division A Brief Survey of Mutual Aid Systems Terry Egan, Ed.D. Emergency Management Division Washington Military Department

2. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division Historical Context First Historical Record of Mutual Aid is in the Northern Sung Dynasty (960-1127 A.D.) in China. First Historical Record of Mutual Aid in the United States occurred during the Great New York Fire in 1835 when 500 Philadelphia Volunteer firemen responded.

3. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division State and Local Mutual Aid Fire district mutual aid Informal Agreements State Fire Mobilization State Law Mobilization Intrastate Mutual Aid Compacts (31 States)

4. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division What is EMAC? EMAC, Emergency Management Assistance Compact, is a national Governor’s interstate mutual aid compact that facilitates the sharing of resources, personnel and equipment across state lines during times of disaster and emergency. EMAC is formalized into law by member parties.

5. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division EMAC Mission Facilitate the efficient and effective sharing of resources between member states during times of disaster or emergency.

6. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division Who are EMAC’s Members? July 2003 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands have enacted EMAC legislation. EMAC has met the needs of citizens during time of disasters through a unified effort among the member states

7. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division EMAC Activation (simplified) Disaster occurs, Governor declares state of emergency State emergency management agency assesses needs A-Teams Resources needed Resources are Requested via the EMAC system A-Teams Cost estimates Assisting States Provide Resources Reimbursement

8. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division EMAC Applications Hazard mitigation Community outreach Search and rescue Debris clearance Information & planning Public Health Hazardous materials Human services/mass care Animal control Information/planning Terrorist events State/Local EOC Support Damage assessment Disaster recovery Logistics Donations management Security Communications Fire fighting Aviation support Biological/chemical events Medical personnel/resources any capability of member states can be shared with member states

9. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division Total EMAC Response Current 5/24/2006 *Notes: Still have pending missions awaiting signatures – have 30 days from verbal agreement to signature Costs and Personnel Numbers are Finalized in Reimbursement Total Estimated EMAC Response to Hurricanes Katrina and Rita (Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Texas, NCT, and RCT): 65,929 Personnel Deployed* 19,426 Civilian 46,503 National Guard $830 M Estimated Cost*

10. Washington Military Department – Emergency Management Division International Agreements Pacific Northwest Emergency Management Arrangement (PNEMA) –Annex B –WA, OR, ID, BC, YK International Emergency Management Memorandum of Understanding –ME, NH, RI, MA, VT, CT –Quebec & Maritimes