1. Sentence Types
Lesson 3

2. Every sentence: begins with a CAPITAL LETTER.
ends with a period (.), and exclamation mark (!), or a question mark (?).

3. Basic Sentence Structure
All sentences must have…. 1- a subject (who or what is being discussed). 2- a predicate /pred-i-kit/ (has a verb and gives information about the subject). 3- a complete thought or give a message.
Five boats crossed the river.
Subject
Predicate
complete thought
a sentence

4. Analyze- Put a wavy line under the subject and a straight line under the predicate.
Many people were hurt in the accident. Full time jobs are becoming more and more difficult to find. Take out the garbage. That report was due last Friday.

5. How did you do?
Many people were hurt in the accident. Full time jobs are becoming more and more difficult to find. Take out the garbage. You * Note: This is a command. The subject is known though it is not visible. You should not use commands with superiors (it’s like panmal). That report was due last Friday.

6. Clauses
No! Not these Clauses
A clause is a part of a sentence that contains a subject and a verb. There are two main types of clauses.
1- Independent
2- Dependent (A.K.A subordinate clauses)

7. Independent Clauses
Clauses that can stand alone as their own sentence.
Example: He is older than his brother.
We can do it!
I am an independent woman.

8. Don’t leave me IC. I can’t stand on my own!
Dependent clauses
Dependent clauses cannot stand on their own.
A dependent clause that stands alone is a sentence fragment; the most common type of error in English writing.
This is an example of sentence fragment: Because he is older than his brother.
Don’t leave me IC. I can’t stand on my own! IC DC

9. Becoming a Dependent Clause
An independent clause, can be turned into a dependent clause when the same group of words begins with a “dependent word” (subordinating conjunction).
Example: "Because he is older than his brother, he can tell him what to do.“

10. Common “dependent words” (subordinating conjunctions)
after although as as if as long as as though because even if even though
if only in order that now that once rather than since so that than that
though till unless until when whenever where whereas wherever while

11. Quiz – Are the orange clauses independent or dependent?
I don't like Mondays.
She is very fit because she goes running every day.
Because the test was so difficult, none of the students got a very good grade.
When I lived in Tokyo, I played tennis every day.
I usually do my homework while my mother is cooking dinner
Although she was only in grade 8, she was the best basketball player in the school.

12. I don't like Mondays. IC
She is very fit because she goes running every day. DC
Because the test was so difficult, none of the students got a very good grade. IC
When I lived in Tokyo, I played tennis every day. DC
I usually do my homework while my mother is cooking dinner. DC
Although she was only in grade 8, she was the best basketball player in the school. IC

13. There are 4 main sentence types
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-complex

14. Simple Sentences Have only one clause.
They can have more than one verb or more than one subject but they have just one clause.
Example:
My younger brother cooks well.
My mother and father are retired.
The building across from the library in the middle of campus caught fire last week.

15. Stop! Check! Write 3 simple sentences
Does each sentence start with a capital letter?
Does each sentence end with a . ! Or ?
Does each sentence have a subject, a verb, and a complete thought?
Check!

16. Compound Sentences
two or more independent clauses (or simple sentences), joined together by coordinating conjunctions(FANBOYS), a semicolon (;), or a semicolon plus a conjunctive adverb (also, consequently, furthermore, however, otherwise, and thus).
My brother lives in Alabama, and my sister lives in Oregon.
We went to visit them last winter; however, we did not enjoy their company.

17. Compound Sentences
Two simple sentences can be combined to make a compound sentence:
Simple: Germany is a rich country.
Simple: It has many poor people.
Compound: Germany is a rich country, yet it has many poor people.

18. Stop! Check! Write 3 compound sentences
Does each sentence start with a capital letter?
Does each sentence end with a . ! Or ?
Does each sentence have a subject, a verb, and a complete thought?
Does each sentence have a coordinating conjunction?
Check!

19. Complex sentences
A complex sentence contains at least one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
Wherever she goes, she leaves a piece of luggage behind.
“Wherever she goes,” is a dependent clause.
He’s sad because he’s lonely.
“because he’s lonely.” is a dependent clause.

20. Stop! Check! Write 3 complex sentences
Does each dependent clause start with a subordinating conjunction?
Check!

21. Simple, Compound, complex
Simple: My friend invited me to a party. I don’t want to go.
Compound: My friend invited me to a party, but I don’t want to go.
Complex: Although my friend invited me to a party, I don’t want to go.

22. Compound-Complex sentences
have two (or more) independent clauses and one (or more) dependent clauses
Examples: Cherry enrolled at Sookmyung Women’s University, and Blossom,who was her younger sister, joined her there the following year.
IC- Cherry enrolled at Sookmyung Women’s University.
IC- Blossom joined her there the following year.
DC- who was her younger sister

23. Identify the sentence type
I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing tennis.
Her name is Sachiko and she comes from Japan.
My mother cooked dinner while I was doing my homework.
While I was doing my homework, my father cooked the dinner and my mother was asleep in front of the television.
You should read every day if you want to improve your English more quickly.
My family came to Germany when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak German very well.

24. Check your results
I like playing basketball, and my brother likes playing tennis. Compound
Her name is Sachiko and she comes from Japan. Compound
My mother cooked dinner while I was doing my homework. Complex
While I was doing my homework, my father cooked the dinner and my mother was asleep in front of the television. C-C
You should read every day if you want to improve your English more quickly. Complex
My family came to Germany when I was in grade 5, but I never learned to speak German very well. C-C

25. Homework/ classwork
Complete pg 28 & 29