2. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

3.  Unicellular organisms are made up of one cell. Multicellular organisms are two or more cells and the cells are arranged in the levels of organization (tissues, organs, organ systems).

4.  Cell membrane

5.  Diffusion – the movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated; examples: sugar, O2, salt  Osmosis – the diffusion of water

6.  Particles are in constant motion and they want to move from high to low.

7.  Particles are constantly moving to create an equal concentration of the solute on both sides of the cell membrane.

8.  Active transport: the movement of molecules with energy from low concentration to high concentration.  Cells need active transport to keep a concentration gradient and to move large molecules.

9.  Molecular transport: small molecules & ions are carried across membranes by proteins; example: Na+/K+ Pump  Endocytosis: taking materials into the cell by infoldings or pockets in the cell membrane; example: phagocytosis & pinocytosis  Exocytosis: the release of large amounts of material from the cell

11. HYPOTONIC: the concentration of water side the cell is greater than inside the cell; water moves in & the cell swells. ISOTONIC: the concentration of water inside & Outside the cell is equal HYPERTONIC: the concentration of water inside the cell is greater than outside the cell; water moves out & the cell shrinks

12.  Autotroph: organisms capable of producing their own food; example: plants  Heterotroph: organisms that can not produce their own food; example: humans

13.  Aerobic: requires oxygen; example: cellular respiration  Anaerobic: without oxygen; example: fermentation

14. Cell Respiration Photosynthesis  Organelle: mitochondrion  Occurs: all eukaryotic cells  Chemical & Word formulas:  Organelle: chloroplast  Occurs: plant cells only  Chemical & Word formulas:

15.  ATP is adenosine triphosphate, it is the energy molecule. Cells use it for things like active transport.

16. X

17.  Plants: convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Plants use both photosynthesis and cellular respiration to create and use energy.  Humans: eat plants & other animals and convert the energy in nutrients they receive into energy (ATP). Humans (and animals) eat their food and use cellular respiration to release the energy in food.