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INTRODUCTION TO MUSCLES
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Skeletal Motion Skeletal muscles attach to skeleton, produce motion
Type of muscle attachment affects power, range, and speed of muscle movement
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Muscle Attachments Origins and Insertions
Muscles have one fixed point of attachment (origin) And one moving point of attachment (insertion) Most muscles originate or insert on the skeleton Origin is usually proximal to insertion
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11-3 Muscle Attachments to Other Tissues
Actions Movements produced by muscle contraction Body movements For example, flexion, extension, adduction, etc. Described in terms of bone, joint, or region Innervation Each muscle is supplied by a nerve or several nerve branches
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11-3 Muscle Attachments to Other Tissues
Muscle Interactions Muscles work in groups to maximize efficiency Smaller muscles reach maximum tension first, followed by larger, primary muscles Muscle Terminology Based on Function Agonist (or prime mover) Antagonist Synergist
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11-3 Muscle Attachments to Other Tissues
Agonist (Prime Mover) Produces a particular movement Antagonist Opposes movement of a particular agonist Synergist A smaller muscle that assists a larger agonist Helps start motion or stabilize origin of agonist (fixator)
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11-3 Muscle Attachments to Other Tissues
Muscle Opposition Agonists and antagonists work in pairs When one contracts, the other stretches Such as flexors–extensors, abductors–adductors, etc.
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11-4 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Names of Skeletal Muscles Correct names of muscles include the term muscle Exceptions: Platysma Diaphragm
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11-4 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Descriptive Names for Skeletal Muscles Location in the body Origin and insertion Fascicle organization Relative position Structural characteristics Action
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11-4 Naming Skeletal Muscles
Divisions of the Muscular System Axial muscles Position head and spinal column Move rib cage 60% of skeletal muscles Appendicular muscles Support pectoral and pelvic girdles Support limbs 40% of skeletal muscles
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Axial Muscles Appendicular Muscles Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis Trapezius Temporoparietalis (reflected) Clavicle Deltoid Temporalis Sternum Pectoralis major Sternocleidomastoid Latissimus dorsi Serratus anterior Biceps brachii Rectus abdominis Triceps brachii External oblique Brachialis Pronator teres Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Linea alba Extensor carpi radialis brevis Palmaris longus Flexor carpi radialis Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor carpi ulnaris An anterior view. ATLAS: Plates 1a; 39a–d 11
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Appendicular Muscles Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Iliopsoas Pectineus Adductor longus Iliotibial tract Gracilis Sartorius Patella Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Tibia Gastrocnemius Fibularis longus Tibialis anterior Soleus Extensor digitorum longus Superior extensor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Lateral malleolus of fibula Medial malleolus of tibia An anterior view. ATLAS: Plates 1a; 39a–d 12
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Axial Muscles Appendicular Muscles Occipital belly of occipitofrontalis Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius Deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor Teres major External oblique Rhomboid major Triceps brachii (long head) Triceps brachii (lateral head) Latissimus dorsi Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Anconeus Flexor carpi ulnaris Extensor digitorum Extensor carpi ulnaris A posterior view ATLAS: Plates 1b; 40a,b 13
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An Overview of the Major Skeletal Muscles
Appendicular Muscles Gluteus medius Tensor fasciae latae Gluteus maximus Adductor magnus Semitendinosus Semimembranosus Iliotibial tract Gracilis Biceps femoris Sartorius Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus Calcaneal tendon Calcaneus A posterior view ATLAS: Plates 1b; 40a,b 14
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