1. Muscle Kinesiology
Anatomy & Physiology

2. Who came up with those LONG names?
Many of the names come from Latin and the regional skeletal bones
How many skeletal muscles can you name?

3. Muscle Movement
Movement produced by contraction and pulling on attached bone
Point of attachment of tendons to bones is called ORIGINS AND INSERTIONS
ORIGIN: attachment to stationary/immovable bone
INSERTION: attachment to movable bone

4. Contraction causes insertion to be pulled to origin.
2. Long head- tendon attaches to scapula
3. Short head- attached to clavicle

5. Group Action: muscles working in groups to produce body movement
Prime Movers: (agonist) Muscles primarily involved in being responsible for a particular movement i.e-raising hand(deltoid)
Antagonists: Muscles that oppose or reverse the action of the PM.
Synergist: (helper) muscle that aids the PM in a particular movement.

6. Prime mover- biceps
Antagonist-triceps brachii
Synergists- other muscles of forearm to stabilize the elbow joint

7. Primary Antagonistic Actions of Muscular system (examples of)
1.Flexion/Extension: quadriceps femoris and hamstrings for hip and knee
2.Abduction/Adduction: lats and deltoid for arm
3.Elevation/Depression:
various parts of traps to shrug and release shoulders

9. Cont.
4.Pronation/Supination: flexor and extension muscles in hand allow palm to turn in, palm turned out=thumbs up/thumbs down
5.Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion: tibialis anterior vs tibialis posterior= foot flexion up and foot extension down.
6.Inversion/Eversion:tibialis anterior/posterior and fibularis longus= foot in and out

12. Seven ways we name muscles
CHARACTERISTIC
Description
EXAMPLES IN HUMANS
1.Direction of fascicles relative to midline
rectus = parallel
transverse = perpendicular
oblique = at 45o angle
Rectus abdominus
Transversus abdominus
External Oblique
2.Location (i.e. the bone or body part that a muscle covers)
frontal bone
tibia
Frontalis
Tibialis Anterior
3.Relative Size
maximus = largest
longus = longest
brevis = shortest
Gluteus maximus
Palmaris longus
fibularis brevis

14. Muscle naming cont’ 4.Number of Origins (Heads) biceps = 2 origins
triceps = 3 origins
Biceps brachii
Triceps brachii
5. Shape
deltoid = triangle
trapezius = trapezoid
serratus = saw-toothed
orbicularis = circular
Deltoid
Trapezius
Serratus anterior
Orbicularis oris
6. Location of Origin and/or Insertion
origin = sternum
insertion = mastoid process
Sternocleidomastoid
7. Action of Muscle
flexion
extension
adduction
Flexor carpi radialis
Extensor digitorum
Adductor longus

17. Quick Quiz (2 points/bullet)
1.Points of attachment of tendons to bone are called:
2.Muscles that oppose the prime mover (agonist) are called what?
3.Which of the 7 ways we name muscles helps explain the naming of the rectus abdominus?
4. Give an example of a muscle name based on its shape (also give the shape)?
5.What two groups of muscles work to flex and extend the knee and hip?