2. Welcome to our English Class.

3. Subject: English 2 nd Paper Class : Six to Twelve Topic : Subject –Verb Agreement Time : 40 Minutes Date : 27/10/2012

4. PresentedbyPresentedby Presented by Mustafijur Rahman Assistant Teacher (English) Panchdona Sir K. G. Gupta High School Panchdona, Narsingdi. Mobile no. 01914520877 E-mail:mustafij21@gmail.com

5. TOPICSTOPICS Subject – Verb Agreement

6. OBJECTIVE In this lesson’s outcome: The students will identify the subject & the verb. Identify the subject and its agreement with verb in the passage correctly write correct sentences using right form of verb

7. Why do subjects and verbs have to agree? After all, they are only words!

8. What’s wrong with these sentences? There is too many pictures on the wall.There is too many pictures on the wall. Or this one? Everybody but Julio want to go home.Everybody but Julio want to go home. Or this one? All the people wants to win the lottery.All the people wants to win the lottery. The subjects and verbs don’t agree !

9. How do we fix them? There are too many pictures on the wall.There are too many pictures on the wall. A plural subject goes with a plural verb. Everybody but Julio wants to go home.Everybody but Julio wants to go home. A singular subject goes with a singular verb. All the people plans to win the lottery.All the people plans to win the lottery. A plural subject goes with a plural verb. Now the subjects and verbs agree!

10. What is a Subject? A subject is a part of a sentence that is being talked about. Subjects are usually nouns and pronouns. Remember that: There are 3 kinds of subjects. 1.Complete – articles + noun/pronoun make up a complete subject. 2. Simple – the articles aren’t included. 3. Compound – 2 or more subjects that have the same verb. Examples: Macbeth is a kinsman of King Duncan. *Macbeth is the simple subject. The tragic play was disappointing but entertaining. *The tragic play is the complete subject. Gertrude and Claudius were wed after a month King Hamlet died. *Gertrude and Claudius is the compound subject Gertrude and Claudius were wed after a month King Hamlet died. *Gertrude and Claudius is the compound subject

11. What is a Verb? A verb is a part of speech that usually pertains to an action, occurrence, or a state of being. There are 2 kinds of verbs: Action – used to show when somebody does something. Linking – links the subject to an equivalent word in the sentence Be verbs *Remember that: NOT ALL be verbs are linking verbs. An action verb can be: 1.T ransitive – directs action towards someone or something in the sentence 2.I ntransitive – the verb doesn’t direct the action to someone or something in the sentence. 8 state of being verbs: IS, AM, ARE, WAS, WERE, BE, BEING, BEEN

12. Examples 1.A ntonio is the merchant of Venice. *the verb IS connects the subject Antonio to the predicate the merchant of Venice. 2.S hylock left after the trial. * the verb LEFT is an INTRANSITIVE verb. 3.P uck spread love-in-idleness on Lysander’s eyelids while he was asleep. *the verb SPREAD is a TRANSITIVE verb. 4.T he flower, love-in-idleness, is found in the forest *the verb IS is NOT a linking verb in the sentence. It just shows where the subject is located.

13. EVERY VERB MUST AGREE WITH ITS SUBJECT Singular Subject Plural Verb Plural Subject Singular Verb

14. Watch the present tense verb endings! Singular oI walk oYou walk oHe/She/It walk s oJoe walk s oThe girl walk s Plural oWe walk oYou walk oThey walk oJoe and Maria walk oThe girls walk

15. Remember these three irregular verbs: SingularPlural SingularPlural oDO oHe doesThey do oHAVE oShe has They have oBE oHe is They are oShe wasThey were

16. Tip for present tense subject-verb agreement: If the subject does end in -s, the verb won’t. Generally, if the subject doesn’t end in -s, the verb will.

17. The girl dances. No -s on subject -s on verb

18. The girls dance. -s on subject No -s on verb

19. Compound subjects joined by and oIf there are two or more subjects joined by and, the subject must be plural, so the verb will not end in -s. oExample: oThe boy and the girl dance. (= They dance.) No -s on verb

20. Compound subjects joined by or oIf there are two or more subjects joined by or, the verb agrees with the part of the subject closest to it. oExamples: oThe professor or the students walk the halls. oThe students or the professor walks the halls.

21. What about indefinite pronouns? oAn indefinite pronoun does not refer to a specific person, place, or idea. oEXAMPLES: oSomeone is waiting for you. oAnything can happen at this school. oMany of his questions were answered. oSeveral of my disks are damaged.

22. A few indefinite pronouns are plural. many several few both some These will all take plural verbs. Many of the students have A’s. Few of the students are discouraged.

23. Most indefinite pronouns are singular. Most singular indefinite pronouns begin with and end with some -body any -one every -thing no

24. Examples of singular indefinite pronouns: Does anybody here like grammar? Everybody loves grammar! Is anybody lying? No one is lying! Well, someone is stretching the truth! Each of the students denies that.

25. To be correct, subjects and verbs must agree… NUMBER: They must agree in NUMBER: Singularsubjectssingularverbs.Singular subjects go with singular verbs. EveryonewantsEveryone wants to win the lottery. Plural subjectspluralverbs.Plural subjects go with plural verbs. AllwantAll the players want to win the game. Number is always about Singular & PluralNumber is always about Singular & Plural

26. What causes problems with S/V agreement? Words between the subject and the verb:Words between the subject and the verb: The shoes in the closet needs to be shined. In the closet is a prepositional phrase between the subject shoes and the verb need. To be correct, the verb should be: need with no “s” The shoes in the closet need to be shined. Common Prepositions aboutbeforeduringinsideover abovebelowexceptinthrough acrossbesideforofto aroundbetweenfromoffunder atbyinonwith

27. Verb before the subject… Inside the garage are the shovel. Across the border is Reynosa and Progresso. Where is the instructions for the X- Box? Shouldn’t they be…? Inside the garage is the shovel.Inside the garage is the shovel. Across the border are Reynosa and Progresso.Across the border are Reynosa and Progresso. Where are the instructions for the X- Box?Where are the instructions for the X- Box?

28. Indefinite Pronouns [-0ne words] [-body words] [-thing words] onenobodynothingeach anyoneanybodyanythingneither everyoneeverybodyeverythingeither someonesomebodysomething All of these indefinite pronouns are singular Nobodyhavehas Nobody have a clue about what they are doing. (should be has) areis Everything are ready for the party. (should be is) Neitherknowknows Neither Fred, nor Ed, nor Ted know the way. (should be knows) All and both, however, are plural Allwantswant All of them wants to go. (should be want)

29. Compound Subjects Subjects joined by and usually take a plural verb.Subjects joined by and usually take a plural verb. Diet and exercise is ways to be healthy. (should be are) Ambition and luck was Juan’s keys to success. (should be were) Who, Which and That singular words singular verbs If they stand for singular words, who, which and that take singular verbs: personareis Rebecca is a person who are very private. (should be is) plural words plural verbs If they stand for plural words, who, which and that take plural verbs: peopleis are Joel is one of those people who is very private. (should be are)

30. Evaluation

31. IncorrectIncorrect Movies in today’s market makes a great deal of money.

32. Movies in today’s market make a great deal of money. RevisedRevised

33. The American audiences pays for tickets at the theater and for cable at home. IncorrectIncorrect

34. The American audiences pay for tickets at the theater and for cable at home. RevisedRevised

35. The international market, which includes dozens of countries, produces even more profit. Correct

36. Films are very expensive to manufacture, so American studios creates far more films than other countries. IncorrectIncorrect

37. Films are very expensive to manufacture, so American studios create far more films than other countries. RevisedRevised

38. There is many advantages to seeing a movie seeing a movie in the theater rather than watching a video at home. IncorrectIncorrect

39. There are many advantages to seeing a movie in the theater rather than watching a video at home. RevisedRevised

40. The dark theater and the enormous screen take the movie viewer to another world. Correct

41. The background music in movies play an important role. IncorrectIncorrect

42. The background music in movies plays an important role.. RevisedRevised

43. The music creates a mood and gives a signal of something to come. Correct

44. Not everyone in the entertainment fields agree about the quality of the quality of movies. movies. IncorrectIncorrect

45. Not everyone in the entertainment field agrees about the quality of movies. RevisedRevised

46. Neither the use of subtitles nor black and white photography demonstrate the preferences of most Americans. IncorrectIncorrect

47. Neither the use of subtitles nor black and white photography demonstrates the preferences of most Americans. RevisedRevised

48. One More Thing: Tense Agreement Tense is all about time.Tense is all about time. Usually we write in the Past tense.Usually we write in the Past tense. The Present and Future are fine, but once you start in a tense, STAY there!The Present and Future are fine, but once you start in a tense, STAY there! “Yesterday we decided that tomorrow we will go shopping” is correct. (Past & Future together)“Yesterday we decided that tomorrow we will go shopping” is correct. (Past & Future together) “We went to the store and buy food.” is not correct. (Past & Present together) It should be bought not buy.“We went to the store and buy food.” is not correct. (Past & Present together) It should be bought not buy.

49. HOME work She and her friends is/are at the fair. The book or the pen is /are in the drawer. One of the boxes is /are open The team captain, as well as his players, is/are anxious. The woman with all the dogs walks/walk down my street. Five dollars is/are a lot of money. The family has/have a long history. Each of these hot dogs is /are juicy.

50. THANKS YOU!