1. Introduction to Being a Health Care Worker

2. History of Health Care

3. Health care has developed and changed throughout history. Knowing the history of health care helps you understand current procedures, practices, and philosophies. The experiences and discoveries of the past led to the advances of today. Today’s achievements could not have occurred without the trials and errors of the past. When you understand the primitive beginnings of medicine, you appreciate the advances made during the past 5,000 years. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education3

4. Match key terms with their correct meanings. Identify scientists and explain what they contributed to medicine. Choose one era in the history of health care and explain how healthcare technology changed. Discuss advances in medicine in the twentieth century. Research and report on possible advances in medicine for the twenty-first century. Explain the origin of medical ethics and the impact of medical advances on ethics. Compare health care in the past with health care in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education4

5.  Explain current trends in health care.  Match key terms with their correct meanings.  Discuss the importance of proper health care training.  Describe the proper appearance for a health care worker.  Discuss standards of behavior.  Discuss the importance of confidentiality when working with patient records. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education5

6.  No electricity, few tools, poor shelter  Protect themselves against predators  Believed illness and disease were caused by supernatural spirits  Used trephining, herbs, and plants as medicine Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education6

7. Egyptians first people to keep accuracy records Ancient Chinese first to use acupuncture therapies Ancient Greeks first to study causes of disease – Illness has natural rather than spiritual causes – Considered medicine an art – Learned some disease caused by lack of sanitation  Romans developed sanitation system  First to organize medical care Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education7

8.  Hippocrates based his knowledge of anatomy and physiology on observation of the external body  Known as the father of medicine  Disease not caused by supernatural forces  Wrote the standard of ethics ─ Oath of Hippocrates Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education8

9.  Medical science stopped for 1,000 years when Roman Empire conquered by the Huns  Medicine practiced only in convents and monasteries  Primary treatment was prayer  Care was custodial  Epidemics  Bubonic plague, smallpox, syphilis Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education9

10.  Rebirth of learning  Universities and medical buildings built  New ideas about disease  Dissection of the body  Development of the printing press Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education10

11.  Leonardo da Vinci studied and recorded the anatomy of the body  William Harvey used physiology to describe circulation of blood and pumping of the heart  Gabriele Fallopius discovered the fallopian tubes  Bartolommeo Eustachio discovered tube leading from the ear to the throat  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope  Apothecaries/early pharmacies started  Practice of quackery Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education11

12.  Students attended lectures, treated patients at their bedsides, and dissected bodies  Elizabeth Blackwell first female physician in United States  René Laënnec invented the stethoscope  Joseph Priestly discovered the element oxygen  Benjamin Franklin discovered bifocals and that colds could be passed from person to person  Edward Jenner discovered smallpox vaccination which led to immunizations Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education12

13.  Ignaz Semmelweis identified cause of childbed fever  Louis Pasteur discovered tiny microorganisms are everywhere  Father of Microbiology  Pasteurization kills bacteria in milk  Joseph Lister first doctor to use antiseptic during surgery  Ernst von Bergmann developed asepsis  Robert Koch developed the culture plate method to identify pathogens and also isolated the bacterium that causes tuberculosis  Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays  Paul Ehrlich discovered the effect of medicine on disease- causing microorganisms Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education13

14.  Anesthesia, nitrous oxide, ether, and chloroform discovered  Gerhard Domagk discovered sulfonamide compounds ─ medications effective in killing bacteria  Dmitri Ivanovski discovered that some diseases are caused by microorganisms that cannot be seen with a microscope (viruses)  Rabies  Measles  Chickenpox Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education14

15.  Sigmund Freud discovered the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind  Basis of psychology and psychiatry  Sir Alexander Fleming found that penicillin killed life-threatening bacteria  Jonas Salk discovered that a dead polio virus would cause immunity to poliomyelitis  Albert Sabin used a live polio virus vaccine, which is more effective.  Francis Crick and James Watson discovered the molecular structure of DNA, based on its known double helix.  Christian Barnard performed the first successful heart transplant in 1968  Ben Carson separated Siamese twins and performed hemispherectomies (surgeries on the brain to prevent seizures) Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education15

16.  Telemedicine practiced  Consultative, diagnostic, and treatment services  E-mail, fax, telephone  New inventions and procedures have changed medicine  People are living longer and healthier  Greater need to understand geriatric medicine Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education16

17. Hippocrates Bartolommeo Eustachio Leonardo da VinciAnton van Leeuwenhoek William HarveyRené Laënnec Gabriele FallopiusJoseph Priestley Benjamin FranklinJoseph Lister Edward JennerErnst von Bergmann Ignaz SemmelweisRobert Koch Louis PasteurWilhelm Roentgen Paul ErlichAlexander Fleming Gerhard DomagkJonas Salk Dmitri IvanovskiAlbert Sabin Sigmund Freud 17Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education

18.  Florence Nightingale created the Nightingale School of Nursing  Designed a hospital ward that improved the environment and care of the patients  Clara Barton volunteered as a nurse during the Civil War  Established a bureau of records to help search for missing men  Established the American Red Cross in 1881 and to serve as its first president.  Lillian Wald established the Henry Street Settlement in New York to bring nursing care into the homes of the poor  Led to the Visiting Nurse Service of New York Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education18

19.  LVN/LPN  Nurse assistant  Unlicensed assistive caregivers Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education19

20.  anesthesia  antiseptic  asepsis  convents  custodial  dissection  epidemics  ethics  exorcise  geriatric  intravenously  microbiology  Microorganisms  monasteries  noninvasive  observation  pasteurization  phlebotomy Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education20

21.  physiology  predators  primitive  psychiatry  psychology  quackery  recipient  replicate  respiration  stethoscope  superstitious  symptom  telemedicine  trephining  vaccines Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education21

22. Becoming a Health Care Worker

23. A health care worker is a well-trained professional whose top concern is patient welfare. Health care workers must have a thorough knowledge of current health procedures. They must maintain a professional appearance and practice professional behavior. They must also safeguard the confidentiality of patient information. You must keep in mind all of these standards of behavior as you become a health care worker. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education23

24.  Match key terms with their correct meanings.  Discuss the importance of proper health care training.  Describe the proper appearance for a health care worker.  Discuss standards of behavior.  Discuss the importance of confidentiality when working with patient records. Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education24

25.  Choose a quality healthcare program that meets your needs  Technical, community or four year colleges with accredited programs  Obtain a certification or an associate’s, bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral degree  Continue your education after employment, as health care procedures and knowledge change constantly Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education25

26.  Professional appearance reflects your commitment to patient care  Follow facility’s dress code  Minimum jewelry  Wear name badge  Clean and appropriate shoes  Clean hair  Follow rules of good personal hygiene Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education26

27.  Behave professionally  Calm and courteous manner  Listen carefully  Monitor patients appropriately  Perform tasks efficiently  Do not gossip about staff or patients  Do not use coarse or offensive language  Do not “horseplay”  Watch for hazardous situations  Follow all facility safety procedures Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education27

28.  Empathy  Honesty  Dependability  Willingness to learn  Patience  Acceptance of criticism  Enthusiasm  Self motivation  Tact  Competence  Responsibility  Discretion  Team player Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education 28  Exhibit positive personal traits

29.  Make sure you portray positive body language  Make and maintain eye contact  Smile  Keep an open stance  Give patient your full attention  Keep your hands away form your mouth when speaking  Sit or stand at eye level when talking to a patient Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education29

30.  Confidentiality of patient records is critical  Patients sign confidentiality form before receiving treatment  Legally binding document  Health care workers may be reprimanded if they do not ensure patient confidentiality Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education30

31.  accredited  appearance  commitment  confidentiality  converse  courteous  hygiene  maintain  professional  recommendations  reprimanded  stance Copyright (c) 2009 Pearson Education31