2. Elements and Compounds in their solid form make up…

3. What is a Mineral?

4. A MINERAL is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, with a definite chemical composition, and a crystalline structure.

5. That means that… It can’t be organic in origin It can’t be a liquid You could write a chemical formula for it It has to have a crystal structure

6. How many different minerals are there on Earth??? Answer:About 4,000

7. Only 30 of the 4,000 known minerals are common. These 30 minerals are known as the rock-forming minerals

8. More than 90% of all of the minerals in the Earth’s Crust are made up of compounds containing Silicon and Oxygen, the two most abundant elements on Earth. Silicates

9. Rocks that have a high percentage of Silicates are light in color, and are called Felsic rocks. Granite

10. Rocks that have a low percentage of Silicates are dark in color, and are called Mafic rocks. Basalt

11. How do Minerals Form??? 1. Minerals form in cooling magma chambers IGNEOUS

12. Different types of minerals crystallize at different temperatures Decreasing temperature Bowen’s Reaction Series

14. Olivine MINERAL!

15. Pyroxene MINERAL!

16. Peridotite- Mostly Olivine ROCK!!!

17. Gabbro- Pyroxene and Olivine ROCK!!!

18. MINERAL!

22. Andesite- Hornblend and Biotite? and Plagioclase Feldspar ROCK!!!

24. Potassium Feldspar MINERAL!

25. Quartz MINERAL!

26. Pink Granite ROCK!!!

28. Mineral Fractionalization in a Magma Chamber

29. Metamorphic Minerals 2. Metamorphic Minerals: Some minerals occur as the result of Recrystallization and Reaction within existing rocks which produces new minerals in response to changes in and How do Minerals Form???

30. 3. Some types of minerals form as water containing dissolved minerals slowly evaporates. Salt deposits How do Minerals Form??? SEDIMENTARY

33. Minerals are identified and classified by visual inspection, and by performing simple tests to determine their physical properties

34. Minerals are most often identified by inspecting their Physical and Chemical properties.

35. Color is the most easily observed, but least reliable property of a mineral for identification. This is because the color of many minerals varies with the kind of impurities in the mineral.

37. Luster Luster is the way in which a mineral reflects light. Metallic Nonmetallic shiny, glassy, dull, earthy, vitreous, brilliant, waxy, pearly

47. Streak is the color of the powder left on a streak plate when a mineral is rubbed on it. Streak is much more reliable than color because, although the color of a mineral changes, its streak does not.

49. Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to split in a particular direction.

51. “Sheety” Cleavage

53. Feldspars always cleave readily at or near right angles.

54. Fracture is the tendency of a mineral to break in directions other than along crystal faces or cleavage surfaces.

55. Fracture Conchoidal Fibrous Irregular ObsidianAsbestos Quartz

56. Conchoidal or shell-like fracture Fibrous facture

58. The orderly arrangement of ions, molecules, or atoms, in any mineral determines the shape of its crystals.

60. Hardness is the resistance of a mineral to being scratched. (Harness and strength are NOT the same thing! Diamonds are hard, but not strong!)

62. Moh’s Mneumonic Three Groovy Cats Found A Ferret Quietly Toasting Cheese Dinners.

65. Specific Gravity The ratio of the density of a min’l to the density of pure water: “heft test”  Pure water: 1.0  Pyrite: 5.0  Most metals > non-metals

66. Special Properties Smell: Sulfur Light refraction: Ulexite Magnetic: Magnetite Taste: Halite Chem. rxn w/ HCl: Calcite

67. More Special Properties Asterism: Chatoyancy: silky look