1. Mineral Formation 3.3 website with video clips http://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/ eps2//wisc/Lect3.html#hydrot

2. Where do minerals form? Evaporation Deposition Igneous Pegmatites Metamorphism Groundwater

3. Evaporation Salt water dries up in lakes & seas Salts left behind Ex: halite, gypsum Photo is Gozo Island, Malta http://www.stockphotos.it/image.php?img_id=10574146&img_type=1

4. Deposition Rocks get dissolved by g.w. Water flows downstream Minerals crystallize Ex: calcite, dolomite http://www.collecting-rocks-and-minerals.com/how-are-minerals- formed.html http://www.treeworld.info/f36/castaic-mine-trip-15862.html

5. Igneous Magma that slowly cools beneath the surface Crystals form from elements in magma Ex: mica, magnetite, quartz, hornblende (in photo) http://www.indiana.edu/~geol105/1425chap5.htm

6. Pegmatites Magma that squeezes through rock Slowly cools & minerals crystallize Ex: topaz, tourmaline http://scienceblogs.com/highlyall ochthonous/2008/07/larger_than _your_average_mica.php

7. Metamorphism Minerals in any rock that are subjected to high T & P Undergo chemical rearrangement Ex: calcite, garnet, graphite, magnetite, talc, mica

8. Groundwater solutions GW moves down & gets heated Minerals in magma & rocks get dissolved Water flows through cracks Minerals crystallize Ex: gold, copper, pyrite, galena, azurite sciencephoto.com crystalinks.com

9. Resource Use Ore = economically valuable deposit of minerals Coal, gravel, & sand are included as resource…but remember…technically they are not minerals

10. Mining Surface = open pit –Create extensive water pollution Kennecott Copper Mine UT…world’s largest open pit mine

11. Mountaintop Mining http://www.ohvec.org/galleries/mountaintop_removal/007/ Mountaintop removal of coal has changed the Appalachian mountains

12. Mining Subsurface Tunnels & shafts are dug to allow mining under the surface of the earth Potentially dangerous eastenergyinc.com undergroundmining.blogspot.com

13. Reclamation Attempt to return the land to original state Mountaintop removal area this is impossible, because we’ve crushed & hauled away the mountain! Ecosystems are not replaced & replenished.

14. Homework Read pages 74 - 79

15. Output Sketch pictures to represent your personal uses of minerals…a minimum of 10 pictures.

16. “Minerals and YOU” article Read the “Minerals and YOU” article Answer the questions