2. MINERALS WHAT ARE THEY??

3. MINERALS The basic materials of the earth’s crust. The “building blocks” of rocks Thousands are known But only about 20 are common in the crust – these are the rock-forming minerals.

4. WHAT MAKES SOMETHING A MINERAL?? 1)Must be “inorganic” – not made from living (or once-living) things. 2)Must occur naturally (not made by people). 3)Must be a solid, “crystalline” material. 4)Must have a “definite chemical composition”. 4 THINGS NEEDED:

5. For example – Here’s a piece of granite rock, and the three minerals that it is made of.

6. SO – WHICH OF THESE ARE MINERALS? CONCRETEGOLD COAL STEELSALT (HALITE) OIL

7. SO – WHICH OF THESE ARE MINERALS? CONCRETEGOLD COAL STEELSALT (HALITE) OIL NO!!YES!! NO!! YES!! NO!!

8. TWO MAIN GROUPS OF MINERALS 1)SILICATES (96%) Contain silicon (Si) and oxygen (O), plus other elements, usually 2)NON-SILICATES (4%) 6 major groups – see pp. 158-159 silvergypsum pyrite quartz mica feldspar

9. USES OF MINERALS WE IDENTIFIED #MINERALFORMULAUSES/NOTES 1Muscovite MicaKAl 2 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 2 Insulator, used for windows in olden days 2DolomiteCaMg(CO 3 ) 2 Cement, limestone 3Biotite Mica K(Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (F,OH) 2 (approximate) Insulator 4HaliteNaClSalt 5CalciteCaCO 3 Main limestone ingredient 6PbS for lead 7GypsumCaSO 4 Wallboard 8GraphiteCPencils, lubricant

10. USES OF MINERALS WE IDENTIFIED 9QuartzSiO 2 Glass manuf., electrical equipment 10TalcMg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 Used in paper production, baby powder 11MagnetiteFe 3 O 4 Ore for iron 12 Plagioclase Feldspar (Ca,Na)Al(Al,Si)Si 2 O 8 Glass, ceramics 13HematiteFe 2 O 3 Ore for iron 14 Orthoclase Feldspar KAlSi 3 O 8 Ceramics, very common 15PyriteFeS 2 “Fools Gold”, ore for sulfur