1. Minerals Chapter 3

2. What is a Mineral? It is a solid Has a crystalline structure
It is inorganic
Formed in nature
Has a definite chemical composition

6. Elements
Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down by chemical means
117+ elements

8. Atom Smallest part of an element Building block of the element
All materials are made up of 1 or more elements

9. Compounds
Substance made up of two or more elements that have chemically combined or bonded together
Example: Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
1 atom of Na, 1 atom of Cl
Table salt

10. Crystalline Structure
Solid geometric forms of minerals that contain a repeating pattern of atoms

11. Types of Minerals Silicates Nonsilicates
Contains combination of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)
Nonsilicates
Can contain Silicon or Oxygen but not both together

12. Silicates Make up 90% of the minerals in the Earth’s crust
Contain Silicon and Oxygen as well as other elements
Example: Feldspar
SI, O, Al, K, Na and Ca

13. Nonsilicates Native Elements Carbonates Halides
Composed of only one element
Carbonates
Carbon and Oxygen
Calcite CaCO3
Halides
Fluorine, chlorine, iodine or bromine combine with Sodium, potassium or calcium

14. Nonsilicates Oxides Sulfates Sulfides Any element plus oxygen
Magnetite = FeO
Sulfates
Sulfur plus Oxygen
Sulfides
One or more elements except Oxygen plus Sulfur