2.  Protons, Electrons and Neutrons make up atoms  Element is a substance composed of a single kind of atom  Minerals are made from one or more elements Your Name Earth Science P.# Date 4.1 Mineral Notes

3. Minerals are: N.O. *Naturally Occurring - not made by man I. *Inorganic - never alive C. *Crystal - atoms line up to form regular geometric shape with smooth surfaces S. *Solid – not a liquid or a gas S. *Specific composition - recipe does not change (at least not very much)

4. Identification:  Luster - mineral reflecting light. Metallic or non- metallic.  Color - least useful in identification  Streak - powder left on unglazed ceramic tile  Hardness - resistance to being scratched. Most useful to identify. Can use fingernail, penny, or glass. Scale pg 91 developed by Moh.

5. x

6. Identification cont.  Density - Mass/Volume  Cleavage and Fracture - way it breaks. Also caused by the internal arrangement of atoms.

7. conchoidal fracture – breaks like glass

8. Identification cont.  Crystal system - way it grows if it has space. Caused by internal arrangement of the atoms.

9. Special Properties: fluorescence - glow under ultraviolet light magnetism - magnetite radioactive - give off radiation react with acid - calcite electrical properties - qtz